14. 3 (446 B.C. 3; Lys. Wilson) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : hecatomb to Athena Polias, on the large altar in the eastern part of the Acropolis. Though the frieze of the Parthenon reproduces some points, especially the genuine Athenian element of the Panathenaic festival, still it must not be supposed that it reproduces all the details; e. g. the metoikoi, of whom we have most specific, evidence, do not appear. We find in inscriptions that they received subsidies from the tamias of the sacred chest of Athena (C. I. Yet cf. op. The principal day was the third from the end of Hecatombaeon (about August 13th). Find sources: . Mommsen, p. 138). ), 969 (162 B.C. [5] Edicts issued by Theodosius I in 391 CE banned sacrifices and closed the temples in Athens, making it very unlikely the festival continued until 410 CE despite some archeological evidence that indicates it may have. 29, note.) One of the most striking features of the procession was the Peplus, worked by ergastinai, superintended by two arrphoroi and certain priestesses, which was destined for the ancient statue of Athena Polias, according to certain prescriptions of the Delphic god. 2 (1976): 152. ), said to have been founded by erechtheus or erichthonius 729 years before the first olympiad ( c. i. g. 2374, cf. [13][14] In line with the occurrence of the Great Panthenaea every four years a larger peplos tapestry would be woven to be put on the statue of Athena in the Parthenon, a temple in the centre of the Acropolis. Pisistratus probably intended that a new peplus should be brought every four years; the Elean maidens wove a peplus for the goddess only once in every four years (Paus. Then followed during the greater part of the night litanies (ololugmata) by the elder priestesses, which were originally prayers and thanksgivings for the harvest, and subsequently songs of joy for the birth of Athena. in Alcib. On entering the Acropolis, which was only allowed to genuine Athenians, there was the sacrifice of one cow to Athena Nike (Rang. Here the horses are divided into foals and full-grown horses; they are yoked either singly, or two or four together; and the races are divided into diauloi and akampioi. According to one estimation, based on the starting date of the Lesser Panathenaea and the Greater Panathenaeas ending date the festival lasted 12 days. 2017. The ancient stadium where the Kallimarmaro now stands was the place where nude male athletes were competing in athletic events during the Panathenaia celebrations, the greatest festivities in ancient Athens.It was built around 330 BC by Athenian orator Lykourgos.The stadium had a parallelogram shape with an entrance on one end and spectator seats on the three sides of the stadium. A Brief History of the Olympic Games by David C. Young, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004, The Modern Olympics, A Struggle for Revival by David C. Young, p. 42, The Modern Olympics, A Struggle for Revival by David C. Young, Chapters 4 & 13, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Finding the walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlk, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panathenaic_Games&oldid=1086377530. 7 Legendary Cryptids that Turned Out to Be Real! Romano, David Gilman. Milchhfer in Baumeister's Denkmler, s. v. Peiraieus, p. 1200). [Online] Available at: https://www.theoi.com/Festival/Panathenaia.htmlBrooklyn College Classics Department, 2019. Nem. Vit. The marvellous appearance of a ship going through the streets was effected by subterranean machines (Philostr. This festival was held in honor of Athena Polias , the city's patron goddess, and Erechtheus, the legendary founder of the city. Alc. Contents 1 Religious festival 1.1 Cultural events 1, 5, p. 236 Kayser; Paus. Shear, Julia L. Serving Athena: The Festival of the Panathenaia and the Construction of Athenian Identities. There is a very important inscription (C. I. cit. 2 (2012): 209. The Panathenaic Games, held every four years in Athens, in honour of the goddess Athena (the patron deity of the city in ancient times), were a religious festival that incorporated ceremony, cultural events, and athletic competitions. ", Aelian, Historical Miscellany 11. The Panathenaia were previously called the Athenaia. Further C. I. G. 157 obviously follows the calendar, and it puts the Panathenaea after the sacrifice to Eirene on Hecatombaeon 16th. The Illiad holds the earliest mention of the festival and attributes its creation to Erechtheus. on Aristoph. [Verg.] Trapezophoros : "Peplos (Robe, peplos) : In a special sense, amongst the Athenians, a peplos is the fastening of the Panathenaic temple, which the Athenians used to prepare for the goddess every four years; they also used to process in her honor through the Kerameikos as far as the Eleusinion. The Panathenaea was one of those occasions when women could get out of the house and take an active role in a public function. This was called the "Greater Panathenaia." Next andrasi kitharistais: for the first it appears a crown valued at 500 drachmas, or 300 drachmas in money; for the second probably 200, and for the third 100. 988 and Schol.). The date was the 28th of the Attic month of Hecatombaeon (July or August). The prize given to the victors of these contests was a vase containing some oil from the ancient and sacred olive tree of Athena on the acropolis. The competitions for which this festival came to be known were only part of a much larger religious occasion; the Great Panathenaia itself. For the first an olive crown set with gold (stephanos thallou chrusous), value 1000 drachmas and 500 drachmas in silver: for the second, probably a crown value 700, for the third 600, for the fourth 400, and for the fifth 300 (see Rangab, ii. ts apns kai ts kalps dromos at Olympia in Paus. It is generally accepted that the reliefs on the Parthenon frieze depict this procession. The Panathenaea was an ancient and important festival celebrated in the ancient Greek city state of Athens. "Erichthonius or Theseus, who established the Panathenaea?" The second division in Mommsen's table is. The first to hold the festival was Erikhthonios the son of Hephaistos. [Online] Available at: http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Panathenaea.htmlThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2016. What was the purpose of the Panathenaea? A smaller festival predates this, though few details of it are known. Symp. THE PANATHENAIA was an Athenian festival celebrated every June in honour of the goddess Athena. Panathenaea outside Athens may perhaps be inferred from Panathnaia en Athnais in C. I. G. 1068. None of the evidences for Athlothetae (cf. Wilson) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. The competitors were divided into paides, ageneioi, and andres, the paides being those from 12 to 16 years of age, the ageneioi from 16 to 20, and the andres above 20. The Panathenaia was the most important festival celebrated in ancient Athens. Where was the high point of the Panathenaia? Xen. According to scholars, the age groups are boys: 1216; beardless youths: 1620; men: over 20. Tim. Contents 1 Religious festival 1.1 Cultural events Note that the prizes in the musical contests are reckoned in money, not in kind, as in the older gymnastic and equestrian contests. The Olive in the Mediterranean: Its Culture and Use [and Discussion].. the Panathenaia in Athens] and virgins carried, in the accustomed way, in baskets, flower-crowned, upon their heads the sacred vessels to her hilltop shrine. ], Plato, Timaeus 21a (trans. [6], The Panathenaic games were a chrematitic ('monetary') event were the winner would take home prizes with a monetary value, as opposed to stephanitic ('crowned') games like the Olympics which awarded the winner with only a crown. [Online] Available at: http://www.ime.gr/chronos/05/en/culture/4130panathenaia.html, Wu Mingren (Dhwty) has a Bachelor of Arts in Ancient History and Archaeology. Schol. 2 (2012): 213-23. Prayers accompanied these offerings, and we hear of prayers being offered for the Plataeans at the Greater Panathenaea (Herod. Gullick) (Greek rhetorician C2nd to 3rd A.D.) : Aelian, Historical Miscellany 8. 24; Suid. [I.e. The first Panathenaea is said to have been held 729 years before the first Olympiad. Boys and youths were given a certain number of amphoras of olive oil. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? With the Euandria and the Lampadedromia it belonged to the more strictly religious part of the festival (cf. Norimitsu Odachi: Who Could Have Possibly Wielded This Enormous 15th Century Japanese Sword? [9], Athenians would begin the festival with a banquet during the first night in the Agora where meat would be cut up to be distributed using a ceremonial kopis. Indeed Marcellinus (Vit. There is frequent mention of this contest at the Greater Panathenaea (C. I. G. 251, Rang. This chapter introduces the book and the questions which it asks: how individuals took part in the Panathenaia, why participating in these festivities called 'all-Athenian' was so important and how doing so created identities for the individuals and groups involved. [2] These Games incorporated religious festival, ceremony (including prize-giving), athletic competitions, and cultural events hosted within a stadium. cit. The Panathenaic Games ( Ancient Greek: ) were held every four years in Athens in Ancient Greece from 566 BC [1] to the 3rd century AD. Connelly, Joan B. Callimachus, Fragment 122 (from Scholiast on Pindar Nemean Ode 10 .64) (trans. Introduction. This was called the "Greater Panathenaia." This festival was held in honor of Athena Polias , the city's patron goddess, and Erechtheus, the legendary founder of the city. The original name of the festival is believed to have been Athenaea. Peplos: concerning the robe taken up for Athena at the Great Pananthenaia there is information on record not only in the orators but also in comedy. In ancient Athens, the Panathenaia was the most important festival and was celebrated in honour of Athena from the middle of the sixth century BC until the end of the fourth century AD. The Greater Panathenaea were celebrated every third Olympic year (e.g. [7] The son of Gaia and Hephaestus, Erechtheus created the festival and dedicated it to Athena after becoming the king of Athens. Mikalson, Jon D. Erechtheus and the Panathenaia. The American Journal of Philology 97, no. The fourth refers to the procession in honour of Athena, and always consisted of four horses zeugei pompiki diaulon or akampion. At the Greater Panathenaea these days were allotted to the same events. figure on the left of the relief may be perhaps. The poems were now sung in much longer portions than before, and probably both the Iliad and the Odyssey as the Neleidae are especially celebrated in the latter (cf. The Erechtheion and the Panathenaic Procession. American Journal of Archaeology 110, no. To carry the baskets in the procession at the Panathenaia was a great honour. The longer period has the advantage that it leaves the afternoons free for prelections (K. F. Hermann, Gr. But the day on which the festival began will vary according as we allow a longer or shorter period for the three chief contests: thus the Musical contest might last three days or 1 1/2 days, the Gymnastic two days or one day, and the Equestrian one day or half a day. Every four years, though, it was celebrated on a much greater scale. Plutarch appears to have written a treatise on the Panathenaic music (de Mus. ", Suidas s.v. The first who won a victory in these musical contests was Phrynis in Ol. 2. A. Weaving Titans For Athena: Euripides and the Panathenaic Peplos (HEC. The complete athletic program at the greater Panathenaia has been reconstructed based on the inscriptions. It very probably lasted at least four days and was held at three different sites. on Aristoph. Accept. on Hom. [2] These Games incorporated religious festival, ceremony (including prize-giving), athletic competitions, and cultural events hosted within a stadium . A. l. c. The prizes consisted of oil from the moriai in the Academia, given in special prize amphorae, which were called amphoreis Panathnakoi (Athen. It is so large, in fact, that it was said to have been wielded by a giant. A. ii. The argument that the list in Lysias (op. 965 = Rang. The men's contests were, according to x. i. a. 72). A relief published by Beul (L'Acropole d'Athnes, ii., last plate but one) presents eight armed youths performing the Pyrrhic dance. (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2021), 1. The increased splendour of the Greater festival of course diminished the importance of the Lesser: so, though the adjective megala is often found attaching to the Greater (C. I. G. 380, 1068; Boeckh, Staatshaushaltung, iii.3 513), still generally Panathnaia alone is used for the Greater, the Lesser one being styled mikra. It was eventually celebrated every fourth year with great splendour, probably in deliberate rivalry to the Olympic Games. Due to the fact that there were so many contests held, the games usually lasted a little over a week. Every four years, the festival was celebrated in a larger manner over a longer time period with increased . The athletic events were staged at the Panathenaic Stadium, which is still in use today. [24], The Parthenon Frieze is a marble sculpture in the Parthenon in the Acropolis of Athens that has a portion that is interpreted to be depicting people of Athens participating in the religious procession that takes place during the Panathenaea. 54, 24) or dinner-parties (Xen. The Hellenistic world of ancient Greece was no stranger to slavery. Gerding, Henrik, and Henrick Gerding. The Athenians would have a large procession up to the Acropolis, where they would. Nem. The most famous event held as part of the panathenaic games was the foot race called the "stade" race.What happened in the Panathenaic procession? . Hal. compelled the rhapsodies at the Panathenaia to recite them in relay, one man following on another, as they still do now. Bury) : Mikalson, Jon D. Erechtheus and the Panathenaia. The American Journal of Philology 97, no. 965, the paides and ageneioi have five contests,--stadion, pentathlon, pal, pugm, pankration. These Games incorporated religious festival, ceremony (including prize-giving), athletic competitions, and cultural events hosted within a stadium. 2nd Class. C. I. G. i. From this contest strangers were expressly excluded (Bekk. Shorey) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) . After the presentation of a new embroidered robe to Athena, the sacrifice of several animals was offered. ", Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca 3. "Among the Athenians also beside the holy dwelling [of Athene] pitchers sit, a symbol not of ornament but of wrestling." The Lesser Panathenaia was an annual event, while the Greater was held every four years. Every fourth year when the games were also held, the festival was known as the "Great Panathenaia," and was 3 or 4 days longer than the regular . Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. . 551). Source: Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities. 3) says the Panathenaea was established in the archonship of Hippoclides. Av. 334; Wayte on Dem. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.) : Ovid, Metamorphoses 2. i. ", Plato, Laws 796b (trans. [22] The standardized versions of these amphoras would typically depict an image of Athena with roosters standing on two columns on each side of the goddess. 566). The Panathenaic festival was formed in order to honor the goddess Athena who had become the patron of Athens after having a competition with the god Poseidon where they were to win the favor of the Athenian people by offering the people gifts. The Panathenaic Stadium has hosted Zappas Olympics in 1870, and 1875, as well as . ), and above all the elaborate table of the comparison of these inscriptions in Mommsen (Taf. Thus neither a pais nor an ageneios could compete as such twice. ", Suidas s.v. [Online] Available at: http://www.faculty.umb.edu/gary_zabel/Courses/Morals%20and%20Law/M+L/Plato/rligious.htmSchmitz, L., 1875. Xen. The Norimitsu Odachi is a huge sword from Japan. One of the great pan-Hellenic festivals of the city of Athens and its tutelary deity, Athena, the Panathenaia can be seen as a commemorative celebration of the city's foundation. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. THE PANATHENAIA was an Athenian festival celebrated every June in honour of the goddess Athena. Roisman, Joseph, and translated by J.C Yardley, This page was last edited on 5 May 2022, at 20:43. The contests took place in the odeum, originally built for the purpose by Pericles himself. 2 (trans. (probably composed in Hadrian's time); but this refers to the Roman Quinquatria, which were called Panathenaea after the disappearance of the older festival (Dionys. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The Panathenaia was both a yearly and a penteteric festival, celebrated with special extravagance once every four years, including panhellenic competitions. Daedalus, the legendary inventor of ancient Greek mythology, joined the court of Minos, the ruler of Crete, as the king's star engineer. The great festival was performed every four years from 570 bce onward, though there were yearly "small" Panathenaias as well. 98b (trans. 4) is necessarily in chronological order is disproved by such lists as Isaeus (de Dicaeog. The ancient times The Panathenaia, literally meaning "the Rites of all Athenians", was celebrated annually. [30] The stadium has hosted many athletic events since then, most notably the archery competition and marathon finish for the 2004 Summer Olympics. The flesh of the victims was given, according to demes, to a certain fixed number out of each deme. : Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3. A. ii. Panathenaia (trans. 3: see other confirmatory arguments in Mommsen, pp. [17] These images were believed to be included in an attempt to show the rest of the world that Athens was the self-proclaimed head of ancient Greek civilization. Athena depicted on a Panathenaic amphora, the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. Omissions? (4) Up to the Acropolis. 466; Suidas, s. v. Peplos). Rang. Such vases, known as Panathenaic vases, depict Athena on one side, and the contest in which the vase was awarded on the other. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). "Erichthonius [mythical foster son of Athena] first invented the four-horse chariot . xii. The shorter will suit Thucyd. "Lampados (Of a torch). Ciris, 21 ff. Athenians celebrate three torch-festivals, at the Panathenaia [of Athena], Hephaistia [of Hephaistos] and Promethia [of Prometheus]. [1] The main purpose of the festival was for Athenians and non-Athenians to celebrate the goddess Athena. Gods and Festivals 19 Parker 1998, esp. Mikalson, Jon D. Erechtheus and the Panathenaia. The American Journal of Philology 97, no. Cryptozoology is the search for and study of animals that mainstream science considers to be mythical or non-existent. Heracl. The athletic events were staged at the Panathenaic Stadium, which is still in use today.In 1865, Evangelis Zappas left a vast fortune in his will with instructions to excavate and refurbish the ancient Panathenaic stadium so that modern Olympic Games could be held every four years "in the manner of our ancestors". "Trapezophoros (Table-bearer) : Table-bearer is a name of a priestess-ship; and it is stated that both she and the priestess of Pallas jointly manage everything with the priestess of Athena.". When Attica was united by Theseus, however, the festivals name was changed to Panathenaea, which meant that the festival was to be celebrated not only by the Athenians, but also by the inhabitants of Attica. A. ii. Panathenaea is the most important of the ancient Greek festivals, celebrated in Athens in honor of Athena, the patron goddess of that city. i. Solon, we know, took a Pythian calendar to regulate the Athenian one, and Pisistratus in many points followed closely in Solon's steps (Mommsen, 122). In return for these deeds he was placed among the constellations. Aldrich) (Greek mythographer C2nd A.D.) : Pausanias, Description of Greece 8. in Pind. Sol. to C1st A.D.) : Suidas s.v. The Panathenaic Games (Ancient Greek: ) were held every four years in Athens in Ancient Greece from 566 BC to the 3rd century AD.These Games incorporated religious festival, ceremony (including prize-giving), athletic competitions, and cultural events hosted within a stadium. The companion (here called apobats, not paraibats) leaps out (hence his name) and again up (hence sometimes we find him also called anabats), partly helped by the driver (who thus gets his title egbibazn), partly by kinds of wheels called apsbatikoi trochoi (Mommsen, p. 154). [13][16] Non-Athenians also participated in the procession, with female metics carrying hydria I and male metics carrying bread used for the meal after the festival or other non-animal offerings on ornate trays known as skaphai. Jones) (Greek travelogue C2nd A.D.) : Athenaeus, Deipnosophistae 3. (Cropbot / CC BY-SA 3.0 ). These Games incorporated religious festival, ceremony (including prize-giving), athletic competitions, and cultural events hosted within a stadium. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. It was held for more than 800 years, until around 391-395 AD. Ancient Origins 2013 - 2022Disclaimer- Terms of Publication - Privacy Policy & Cookies - Advertising Policy -Submissions - We Give Back - Contact us. Shorey) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) (2) Then through the agora. Hipp. It was held every four years in the Piraeus in honour of Poseidon (identified with Erechtheus) and Athena. Then there are various permutations and combinations that may be made of these (e.g. [Online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Panathenaeawww.ime.gr, 2019. The number of amphorae given, according to the inscription referred to, was about 1450, and the value (1 amphora worth 6 drachmas) about 1 talent 2700 drachmas (see Rangab, ii. 259-268. The Panathenaia, because it was a festival celebrating renewal and restoration, would not have been held on a day that was . The peplos was woven by a group of Athenian craftswomen known as the ergastinai, whose work was supervised by a priestess of Athena. 962), of 190 B.C., dolichos, stadion, diaulos, hippios (=a double diaulos), pentathlon, pal, pugm, pankration, hoplits (= race in armour). 4 (2015): 720. According to scholarly opinion, the Panathenaia was shifted from the third year in the Olympic cycle, its date before Others, such as Graeciae Descriptio by Pausanias, say he was trampled to death by a mad bull. Nub. To honour Athena, the Athenians sacrificed many cows and sheep. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, Fairy Rings, Stonehenge and Gravity Vortices, Atacama Giant and Cusco Temple linked to Stone Age astronomical writing, Ancient Pictish Cross Stone Slab Complicates History, The Frightening Discovery of the Mount Owen Claw, The Windover Bog Bodies, Among the Greatest Archeological Discoveries Ever Unearthed in the United States, Worlds Rarest Textile is Made From the Silk of One Million Spiders, Controversial Lead Codices With Earliest Written Account of Jesus Confirmed Authentic. 36), and [Andoc.] "During the celebration of the Panathenaia, when the courts do not convene, he said, It is the natal day of Athena Alektor (the Rooster) and today is an unjust day (miara hemera).", Aelian, Historical Miscellany 8. Parthenon and Parthenoi: A Mythological Interpretation of the Parthenon Frieze. American Journal of Archaeology 100, no. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Updates? 1). 4, 17), bearing olive branches (thalloi), doubtless with their metoikoi as skaphphoroi following, in later times the ephebi splendidly equipped: while of women there was a long train of kanphoroi, with the wives and daughters of the metoikoi as their skiadphoroi and diphrophoroi : then the Athenian people, generally marshalled according to their demes. The Panathenaia, literally meaning "the Rites of all Athenians", was celebrated annually. The stadium also hosted the 1906 Intercalated Games. 964 and Mommsen, 168. Every year, in order to celebrate Athena's birthday, Athens celebrated the Panathenaia. [8] In Plutarch's Life of Theseus, Theseus unifies multiple Attic communties into one state, giving it the name of Athens and creating a feast known as Panathenaea or "the sacrifice of all the united Athenians". The Greater Panathenaia was held every four years, while the Lesser Panathenaia took place "annually" (every three out of four years). Once every four years, however, this celebration was incorporated into the Greater Panathenaea, which may be considered to be an extension and grander celebration of the Lesser Panathenaea. The inscription also says that there are two age categories for the music events but three age categories for the athletic events. The celebrations included sacrifices, ceremonies, and competitions. Corrections? In addition, the Games included a reading of both the Odyssey and the Iliad. Ion [a singer of Homeric rhapsodies] : No, no, Socrates; from Epidauros and the festival there of Asklepios . According, then, to the longer period, the Panathenaea would begin on the 21st; according to the shorter, on the 24th. Explore the majestic buildings of the Acropolis of Athens, Greece, a destination of the Panathenaean festival procession See all videos for this article In addition to major athletic contests, many of which were not included at Olympia, several minor contests also were held between the Athenian tribes. The main purpose of the festival was for Athenians and non-Athenians to celebrate the goddess Athena. A full body of Pyrrhicists would then be twenty-four, the number of a comic chorus. 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In 1865, Evangelis Zappas left a vast fortune in his will with instructions to excavate and refurbish the ancient Panathenaic stadium so that modern Olympic Games could be held every four years "in the manner of our ancestors". 2 (1976): 151. Perhaps as early as the 8th century B.C., and probably under the influence of the games at Olympia held in honor of Zeus (traditionally dated 776 B.C. [5] The Panathenaic Stadium was initially a small racetrack with seating on a hill overlooking the track used for the athletic competitions until was upgraded in the 4th century BCE by the logographer Lykourgos. Hipp. Did a Sultan Find Medusas Sarcophagus in the Basilica Cistern? and more. But, more than that, it was a means of adorning the Goddess in a new set of robes. "Hipparkhos son of Peisistratos as the oldest of his father's children and the wisest of the Athenians. ( Feldkurat Katz / Public Domain ). He introduced recitations of the Homeric poems, which were better regulated by Hipparchus: cf. 965 that it did not exist in 380 B.C. [6] One thing that was different about these games than normal funeral games is that prizes were given to runners-up, not just the lone victor. [4][17] There would also be singing and poetry competitions, where participants would perform selections from Homer's Illiad and Odyssey. By cyclic choruses ( cf legendary founder of the festival, ceremony ( including prize-giving,! Oil awarded for first and second prizes. ) day being reckoned from sunset to sunset. He introduced recitations of the events, though, it was the scale elders ( thallophoroi, Xen who the Were contests of boys too ( cf ship ( Schol wilson ) ( prepared for in the of Neither a pais nor an ageneios could compete as such twice fact that we too! 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