PC Strand, or prestressed concrete steel strand, is a twisted steel cable composed of 2, 3, 7 or 19 high strength steel wires and is stress-relieved (stabilized) for prestressed concrete or similar purposes. View this solution and millions of others when you join today! Welcome to FAQ Blog! how it is calculated, and how important it is. Cement is a material which has adhesive and cohesive properties only in tghe presence of. 2. Q:Which layer of road construction can metallurgy slag be used instead? 9 kg to 13 kg of binding wire is required for tie of 1000 kg or 1 ton steel as per IS Code. Post-Tensioning. Surface Coarse This reduction in force is referred to as partial prestress loss and is addressed as part of the design of a prestressed member. Base Coarse, A:Metallurgy slag is a by-product of smelting and other metallurgical process due to the impurities. Alite is the compound present in the cement which is responsible for the, A:The cement consists of four main chemical compounds also called as bogue compounds, they are, A:Bogue's Compounds: The oxides which are present in the raw materials, when they are subjected to. Welcome to FAQ Blog! IS: 456 code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. Q:How does mechanical weathering add to the effectiveness of The condition that. Q:What is the modulus of fineness? Prestressing losses. A:The mold structures have typical characteristics and are quite difficult to be viewed on account of, Q:What is the practical application of decorative coating? Ion-exchange chromatography which is designed specifically for the, A:Option A is correct answer. 8. In fact, the prestressing force is used to control cracks formation, to reduce deflections and to partially counterbalance the effect of dead and live loads. The relaxation loss may be defined as the percentage ratio of the variation of the prestressing stress over the initial prestressing stress. Q:What is the advantage of Orifice scrubbers? It is now commonly used for floor beams, piles and railways sleepers, as well as structures such as bridges, water tanks, roofs and runways.Generally, prestressed concrete is not necessary for columns and walls, however, it can be used economically for tall columns and high retaining walls with high bending stresses. and various abiotic factors such as moisture, temperature, lack of sunlight, etc. IS: 456 code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete. chemical, A:Mechanical decomposition is the breakdown of rock material without chage in composition where as, A:%finerforeachsieve=Totalwt-CumulativewtretaineduptothatsieveTotalwt%finerforsieve4. Please help me solve. The overall reason to pre-stress steel is that it raises both the quality and the resistance to tension and compression characteristics of the steel. Explain the critical height of an unsupported vertical cut in cohesivesoil? minimum cover= 40mm Level 10 It is not intended for and should not be relied 201 Kent Street upon by any third party and no responsibility is Sydney undertaken to any third party. It is imposition of internal stresses into a structure in opposite action of stresses caused by service or working loads. Why iron losses are neglected in sc test? This is wire rod with a high carbon content. During the storage of grains both biotic and abiotic factors cause losses to the grain. Also, hard, dense aggregates that are not absorptive and have a high modulus of elasticity are desirable for low shrinkage and creep rates. Sometimes known as "draw-in". Why? Prestressed concrete sections are thinner and lighter than RCC sections, since high strength concrete and steel are used prestressed concrete. This results in loss of prestress in a range of about 20%. Median response time is 34 minutes for paid subscribers and may be longer for promotional offers. So the loss in prestress occurs. ANSWER 1: Prestress does not remain constant it reduces with passage of time. Q:Explain the significance of quality of bentonite slurry in the construction ofdiaphragm walls? A:A scrubber is a waste gas treatment installation in which a gas stream is brought into intensive, Q:Kindly describe the term "shrinkage" as it pertains to reinforced concrete members. So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! A:Sand casting is an ideal solution for producing low volumes at a low tooling or start-up cost.. Q#1: Why losses occur in prestress structure? So, in concrete structures, prestressing provides a pre-compressive axial force to eliminate or greatly reduce internal tensile stresses along service time of the structure. If the wires are successively tensioned, there will be loss of prestress due to elastic deformation of concrete. Post tensioning is done by forming a duct in which strands are pulled (tensioned) after the concrete gains it's full strength. and the methowd of curing used of high-strength concrete with low water cement ratios result in a reduction in shrinkage and consequent loss of prestress. The gypsum board is. So the loss in prestress occurs due to friction between the concrete surface and the tendon in the process of tensioning. First week only $6.99! As a consequence, an excessive prestress loss may jeopardize the performance of PRC elements, especially in existing aging structures. Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Precompression with mostly the structure's own weight. In prestressed concrete, whole concrete area is effective in resisting loads, unlike RCC where concrete below the neutral axis is neglected. (ii) Biotic factors like insects, rodents, birds, mites, bacteria and fungi. There are four sources of prestressing force: Mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and chemical. Solution#1 (to be typed here by the student) Q#2 What is lift slab construction? The prestress loss due to elastic shortening in pretensioned members is taken as the concrete stress at the centroid of the prestressing steel at transfer, f cgp, multiplied by the ratio of the modulus of elasticities of the prestressing steel and the concrete at transfer. In recent history (as of 2019) hurricane Irma and typhoon Jebi have provided the best examples of loss creep impacting insurance, reinsurance and insurance-linked securities (ILS) interests. The C-S-H is strongly hydrophilic, and has a colloidal microstructure disordered from a few nanometers up. However, the ballast angularity causes differential abrasions on the soffit or bottom surface of sleepers. Prestressing steels are used in the building industry and need to withstand the highest mechanical stresses. A:The development, maintenance and analysis of the scope of operations of company is known as. A:Thixotropy is defined as the property of fluid by the virtue of it, the viscosity of the fluid. Yes. This is wire rod with a high carbon content. What is the crack pattern induced by hydration due to internal restraint? There are four sources of prestressing force: Mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and chemical. What are the factors responsible for grain loss during storage of grains? Friction losses: these losses occur due to friction between tendons and post-tensioning ducts, these losses will increase by increasing the length of the tendon. It is imposition of internal stresses into a structure in opposite action of stresses caused by service or working loads. Why prestressing losses play an important role on structural performance of prestress . Q:Are imperfections in solids beneficial or harmful? In fact, the prestressing force is used to control cracks formation, to reduce deflections and to partially counterbalance the effect of dead and live loads.As a consequence, an excessive prestress loss may jeopardize the performance of PRC elements, especially in existing aging structures. In prestressed concrete, the steel used is tensioned or prestressed. It is the mixture of cement (binding material), aggregates,. Q1 and Q2 The gradual reduction of this introduced compressive stress in a prestressed member due to various reasons is called losses of prestress. In the case of post-tensioning, the tendons are provided inside the duct of a precast concrete member. A:The function of packing materials in the joint of concrete pipes in pipejacking: A:Silica Gel is a non-crystalline form of highly porous silica which is used for the following. Post-tensioning with high-strength bonded or unbonded tendons. The member shortens due to the force and this relieves some of the prestress; The concrete shrinks as it further cures. 5. Score: 4.2/5 (40 votes) . In the case of post-tensioning, the tendons are provided inside the duct of a precast concrete member. To keep a track of your losses, the income tax department has laid out that losses for a year cannot be carried forward unless that year's return has been filed before the due date.Even if it's a loss return, you do not have any income to show - do file your return before the due date. The creep originates in the calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) of hardened Portland cement paste. If the net amount of all your gains and losses is a loss, you can report the loss on your return. This problem has been solved! So the loss in prestress occurs due to friction between the concrete surface and the tendon in the process of tensioning.The loss of friction is also accompanied by the wobble effect. The appearance of glossy patches on the painted surface is called, Q:Explain the hazards and risks associated with substructure activities, A:Substructure Groundwork - Hazards Answer (1 of 2): Why do losses occur in a prestress structure? Explanation: High tensile steel are commonly used in prestressed concrete members and ultimate strength of high tensile steel is equal to 2100n/mm2, therefore the losses of prestress due to shrinkage and creep with a stress of 200n/mm2 are restricted. The principle behind prestressed concrete is that compressive stresses induced by high-strength steel tendons in a concrete member before loads are applied will balance the tensile stresses imposed in the member during service. In fact, the prestressing force is used to control cracks formation, to reduce deflections and to partially counterbalance the effect of dead and live loads. introduction and various abiotic factors such as moisture, temperature, lack of sunlight, etc. Prestressing steels are used in the building industry and need to withstand the highest mechanical stresses. What we are trying to quantify is the change in the strain. (please tensile reinforcement after making deduction for loss of prestress. Why losses occur in prestressed structure? Why prestressing losses play an important role on structural performance of prestress member? (With a diagram), A:Household, municipal, educational, and corporate structures all have decorative coatings placed on. However, the ballast angularity causes differential abrasions on the soffit or bottom surface of sleepers. A:Brief Concept Introduction: Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! Short-Term or Immediate Losses immediate losses occur during prestressing of tendons, and transfer of prestress to concrete member. And why we use such connections? A:To define MWF, First (MWF) it is elaborated as Minimum thickness of Wet Film ( Paint Coating ),, A:A cavity wall is a type of wall that has a hollow center.The purpose of cavity walls is to ensure, Q:Question # 1(b): Describe the following: i. Organics and Inorganics water quality indicators. Creep resistance is a term used in materials science that refers to a solid material's ability to resist creep, which refers to the tendency of a material to slowly deform over a long period of exposure to high levels of stress. Depending on the final mechanical and technological properties required, we add various micro-alloys to the steel. Plaster coating: Pre-tensioning with high-strength embedded tendons. A:Orifice scrubbers are a form of air pollution control that is grouped together as wet scrubbers. Q:What do MWF and MDF mean when used in coating specifications? Biotic factors such as insects, rodents, mites, fungi, bacteria, etc. submit your solution for this, A:Hello dear this is the solution of your problem If the initial stress in steel is known, the percentage loss of stress due to the elastic deformation of concrete can be computed. A:The scale-up study is related to the attempts to replicate or represent a laboratory process, Q:What is your recommendation for the maximum size of coarse aggregate fora column 500X500 mm if the, A:Column size= 500mmx500mm, A:Option b is correct. However, the ballast angularity causes differential abrasions on the soffit or bottom surface of sleepers. Q:what the hybrid aggregate plan is and why it is used. Score: 4.2/5 (18 votes) In the case of post-tensioning, the tendons are provided inside the duct of a precast concrete member. 12 kg to 13 kg binding wire is required for 1000 kg or 1 ton of 8mm -16mm steel rebar. Solution#2 (to be typed here by the student). So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! This results in loss of prestress in a range of about 20%. It is defined as an empirical formula that is obtained by dividing the total. Explain Procedures for bracing excavation sheeting.. How does the use of geotextile as reinforcement in mechanically stabilized earth walls affectthe stress state of the soil? Design Guide Post Tensioned Floor Construction REP/0001 Issue | January 2011. are responsible for losses of grains. Find answers to questions asked by students like you. What are the various grouting materials ? In the case of post-tensioning, the tendons are provided inside the duct of a precast concrete member. Concrete: Answer to Solved Q#1: Why losses occur in prestress structure? A:Brief concept introduction- A:Modulus of fineness- Pre-tensioning with high-strength embedded tendons. The member shortens due to the force and this relieves some of the prestress; The concrete shrinks as it further cures. Prestressing is the process of introducing compressive stress to the concrete to counteract the tensile stresses resulting from an applied load. What is Prestressing? 7 kg to 9 kg binding wire is required for 1000 kg or 1 ton of 16mm -32mm steel rebar. Solution#1 (to be typed here by the . You can report current year net losses up to $3,000 or $1,500 if married filing separately. In sand casting, the formed mold by sand can be used, A:Sealants joints are the most underrated joints but they are the important joints when it comes to, A:Brief Concept Introduction: A:Shaping is a different manufacturing process that, such as planing, is intended to eliminate, Q:Describe the many kinds of solid sealant materials used in the building of curtain walls, A:Curtain walls: How are prestress losses calculated? Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Post-tensioning with high-strength bonded or unbonded tendons. Prestressed concrete is very popular used in manufacturing sleepers. Pre-tensioning: Apply prestress to steel strands before casting concrete; Post-tensioning: Apply prestress to steel tendons after casting concrete. Q:In which cases the process of scrubbing is employed? Which type of steel is used in prestressing? In prestressed concrete, the steel used is tensioned or prestressed. Explanation: Anchorage slip is the distance moved by the friction wedges (in post tensioned members) after releasing the jacks at the ends of the member and before the wires get fixed perfectly in wedges, the loss during anchoring which occurs with wedge type grips is normally allowed for on the site by over-extending Prestressed concrete sections are thinner and lighter than RCC sections, since high strength concrete and steel are used prestressed concrete. Losses in Prestressed Concrete. Explanation: Anchorage slip is the distance moved by the friction wedges (in post tensioned members) after releasing the jacks at the ends of the member and before the wires get fixed perfectly in wedges, the loss during anchoring which occurs with wedge type grips is normally allowed for on the site by over-extending Prestressed concrete sections are thinner and lighter than RCC sections, since high strength concrete and steel are used prestressed concrete. Precompression with mostly the structure's own weight. A:Across all houses, gypsum board platforms have a critical function: fire safety. Which type of connections we make hard/soft? A:Sand casting This can be lessened by using jacks that have a secondary ram which actively sets the wedges into the barrels . Solution for Why losses occur in prestress structur. Q:Give some examples of bulking agents in a biofilter? It is obvious from Hooke's law, that if we have a change in strain, there will be a change in the stress. i need both questions answers The relaxation loss may be defined as the percentage ratio of the variation of the prestressing stress over the initial prestressing stress. This is wire rod with a high carbon content. A:Answer In fact, the prestressing force is used to control cracks formation, to reduce deflections and to partially counterbalance the effect of dead and live loads. Asked by: Lexie Ernser. So the loss in prestress occurs due to friction between the concrete surface and the tendon in the process of tensioning. Q:Compare between Rockwell and brinell hardness test? A:Bentonite slurry is one of the most common excavation fluid used in constructing diaphragm wall., Q:Determine the degree of indeterminacy of the given structure. How do you carry forward losses from previous years? You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. It is assumed that the change in strain in . Whats a trask transport truck in fortnite? Explain the various losses in prestressing ? A:In road construction these are the basic layers are used 2. Our experts have done a research to get accurate and detailed answers for you. Q:What types of plaster coats are applied over metal lath? What is Prestressing? Who has overriding responsibility for the security of the vessel. Prestressed concrete uses high tensile strength steel that is manufactured by increasing the carbon content in steel compared to ordinary mild steel used in R.C.C. Therefore, improved knowledge about design techniques for prestressed concrete (PC) sleepers has been developed. What are the basic components of the reinforcing earth construction? This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. 1. In prestressed concrete, whole concrete area is effective in resisting loads, unlike RCC where concrete below the neutral axis is neglected. Your question is solved by a Subject Matter Expert. In the case of post-tensioning, the tendons are provided inside the duct of a precast concrete member. Immediate Losses immediate losses occur during prestressing of tendons, and transfer of prestress to concrete member. Paint is defined as the pigment liquid used to protect the wall and provide, Q:Elaborate/explain the scope and significance use in ASTM c70 - standard test method for surface, A:ASTM tool is considered when the casagrande tool tends to tear the soil in the groove. Pretension is the technique in which we are imparting tension in strands before placing the concrete. A:Introduction : A sample is typically tugged to its breaking point in a simple tensile test to. Q:What chemical compounds contribute to early strength gain? Explain the procedure of any one type of surface rendering. are responsible for losses of grains. In fact, the prestressing force is used to control cracks formation, to reduce deflections and to partially counterbalance the effect of dead and live loads.As a consequence, an excessive prestress loss may jeopardize the performance of PRC elements, especially in existing aging structures. Q:What are the two types of coating bases? And why we use such connections? 2.1.1 Prestress losses Instantaneous losses include frictional losses, elastic shortening (ES) and seating loss or anchorage slip. A:The liquid requirement rate or Liquid to gas ratio is the volume of liquid injected per volume of. So, in concrete structures, prestressing provides a pre-compressive axial force to eliminate or greatly reduce internal tensile stresses along service time of the structure. Q:What is the difference between sand casting and permanent casting ? 9 kg to 13 kg of binding wire is required for tie of 1000 kg or 1 ton steel as per IS Code. a.degree of static. Arup Australasia. 7 kg to 9 kg binding wire is required for 1000 kg or 1 ton of 16mm -32mm steel rebar. Prestressed concrete is very popular used in manufacturing sleepers. Q:What is the advantage of viewing mold structures in a transparent tape preparation? The overall reason to pre-stress steel is that it raises both the quality and the resistance to tension and compression characteristics of the steel. Substructures are construction activities which take place below. How much capital loss can you carry over? Explain the term DPC and how it. In prestressed concrete, the steel used is tensioned or prestressed. Loss of prestress is classified into two types: 1. Get access to millions of step-by-step textbook and homework solutions, Send experts your homework questions or start a chat with a tutor, Check for plagiarism and create citations in seconds, Get instant explanations to difficult math equations. They include losses in prestress due to concrete creep (CR), shrinkage (SH) and relaxation of prestressing strands (RE). This reduction of prestress in nothing but loss in prestress concrete in other words "Loss in prestress is the difference between intial prestres. ACCELERATED CURING TEST OF CONCRETE (IS:9013-1978). Q:What is the Liquid requirement rate in perforated plate scrubbers? The nonstructural wall is supposed to carry only their self-weight is known as, A:The porosity of bricks, permeability of brick, and absorption are very essential factors that can, Q:4. How are prestress losses calculated? Therefore high tensile steel is made for prestress concrete. There are four sources of prestressing force: Mechanical, hydraulic, electrical and chemical. The loss of friction is also accompanied by the wobble effect. It is mainly. This is your one-stop encyclopedia that has numerous frequently asked questions answered. Why prestressing losses play an important role on structural performance of prestress . This report presents a library review of the literature on the Important aspects of prestress losses In the post-tensioning method, which can be broadly classified under seven types: (1) the frictlonal loss in the jack, (2) loss due to anchorage take up, (3) frictlonal losses due to the change of direction and . Pavement Coarse In monopolistically competitive markets economic losses? Time Dependent Losses Time dependent losses occur during service life of structure. both answers needed. Why iron losses are neglected in sc test? and the methowd of curing used of high-strength concrete with low water cement ratios result in a reduction in shrinkage and consequent loss of prestress. Q#1: Why losses occur in prestress structure? Long-Term or Time Dependent Losses Time dependent losses occur during service life of structure. As a consequence, an excessive prestress loss may jeopardize the performance of PRC elements, especially in existing aging structures. Our team has collected thousands of questions that people keep asking in forums, blogs and in Google questions. Depending on the final mechanical and technological properties required, we add various micro-alloys to the steel. Biotic factors such as insects, rodents, mites, fungi, bacteria, etc. A well graded, coarser aggregate with a low voids content decreases the effects of creep and shrinkage. Long term losses occur over a period oftime. The principle behind prestressed concrete is that compressive stresses induced by high-strength steel tendons in a concrete member before loads are applied will balance the tensile stresses imposed in the member during service. This method is done due to bonding between concrete and steel. If the initial stress in steel is known, the percentage loss of stress due to the elastic deformation of concrete can be computed. Therefore, improved knowledge about design techniques for prestressed concrete (PC) sleepers has been developed. Score: 4.5/5 (44 votes) . Bulking agent- : to introduce internal stresses into (something, such as a structural beam) to counteract the stresses that will result from applied load (as in incorporating cables under tension in concrete). Prestressed concrete uses high tensile strength steel that is manufactured by increasing the carbon content in steel compared to ordinary mild steel used in R.C.C. Why losses occur in prestress structure? Prestressed concrete can now be used to produce beams, floors or bridges with a longer span than is practical with ordinary reinforced concrete. Expert Answers: An impairment loss records an expense in the current period which appears on the income statement and simultaneously reduces the value of the impaired asset Start your trial now!
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