Light-baited suction traps are one of the most widely used tools for vector surveillance. This work was supported by WHO/WORLD BANK/UNDP/Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases through project ID No. Short report: Influence of centers for disease control light trap position, relative to a human-baited bed net, on catches of. Bull Entomol Res. The ePub format uses eBook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features Mboera LE, Kihonda J, Braks MA, Knols BG. Our sampling protocol was intended to 1) replicate expert-biased sampling used to survey ambystomatid larvae by focusing on aquatic habitats likely to be targeted by dip-net surveys, 2) provide for the safety of trapped animals and their habitats, and 3) ensure equivalent application of glow stick-baited and un-baited traps among pond habitats. Methods: Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Re: Axis Deer In Texas [ Re: Cedar Hacker ] #7215024. The Mbita trap may therefore be very useful for enabling community members in collecting large numbers of samples that are representative of the overall vector population at a less cost [5] than a smaller number of light traps/human catchers. For evaluating diversity or abundance of macrolepidoptera, most sampling methods collect adults and have included bait traps, light traps, Malaise traps, pheromone traps, sticky traps, sweep nets, and window traps ( Southwood 1978, Canaday 1987, Butler and Kondo 1991, Muirhead-Thomson 1991, Yela and Holyoak 1997 ). Modern light traps are cheap, inexpensive and portable, often resembling a small tube feeder for backyard birds. Comparison of sampling anopheline mosquitoes by light-trap and human-bait collections indoors at Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Just want to make sure youve clicked through to take a look: https://academic.oup.com/jme/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jme/tjx207/4670717. He specializes in nature, science, conservation issues, and law enforcement. Montane species on islands are often endemic to a single mountain range and are vulnerable to climate change because they tend to occur in small populations, isolated from other source populations, climatically restricted and limited from moving to higher elevations upon reaching the summit of the mountain (Meyer et al. Mathenge EM, Killeen GF, Oulo DO, Irungu LW, Ndegwa PN, Knols BGJ. During 2014, one glow-stick light trap sample and a surface slednet sample was collected at each transect during each survey. Materials and methods Sampling gear My light trap was modeled after those described by Doherty (1987), but is smaller, has only two chambers rather than three, and the operation of lamps does not alternate between chambers. For An. Githeko AK, Service MW, Mbogo CM, Atieli FK, Juma FO. Parasitol Today. & Zucc.) 980794, the National Institutes of Health, NIH-ICIDR project No. Sei-Woong Choi conceived and designed the experiments, performed the field experiments, analysed the data, contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper and approved the final draft. Eight local volunteers were trained on how to collect mosquitoes. Before Med Vet Entomol. However, the Mbita trap is less effective at catching outdoor-biting Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis in Madagascar and, thus, there is need to further evaluate this trap in diverse epidemiological settings. Studies in South America support her opinion. McGeachie WJ (1988) A remote sensing method for the estimation of light-trap efficiency. It references more than 100 studies on the subject. Smith T. Proportionality between light trap catches and biting densities of malaria vectors. serrata Thunb., Q. Evaluation of an ultraviolet LED trap for catching Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes in south-eastern Tanzania. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Female Lutzomyia whitmani sand flies find light much more attractive than do males. funestus, whereas for the culicines, there was no simple relationship between the two methods. Samples were preserved and processed as described above for light trap sampling. funestus, and culicine species caught in the human landing collections respectively. 2019, Kamikura and Sakata 2019, Kitching et al. The trap design makes it difficult for captured gravid Aedes females to escape, so MOT can quantitatively measure both adult females and their egg production. 5U19AI45511 and the Fogarty International Centre, through ABC grant number ID43TW1142. Mosquito sampling is a prerequisite to most vector population studies [1]. His assignments have taken him around the world. Learn how your comment data is processed. 1977;67:343382. Light traps were also developed for deploying on salmon farms in an attempt to reduce copepod parasite infestations but were not commercially successful [ 25 - 28 ]. The 'ghosts' that pester studies on learning in mosquitoes: guidelines to chase them off. Careers. Resting behaviour, ecology and genetics of malaria vectors in large-scale agricultural areas of Western Kenya. 0000001117 00000 n thunbergii Sieb. This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (2018R1D1A1B07046637). It was considered whether this could be caused by the lowered attentiveness of individuals conducting tedious human landing catches when few mosquitoes are present. Nonetheless, there is still a need to develop new sampling methods for some epidemiological settings. Generating an ePub file may take a long time, please be patient. The temperate deciduous tree zone is covered with deciduous trees, such as Quercus Second, unlike in Lwanda [6], where no cattle were present in any of the homesteads that were sampled, large numbers of cattle were present in all the homesteads sampled at Ahero. Where is the actual data or studies, what are the type sources of the data? This post is a summary of the peer-reviewed Forum article, The Dark Side of Light Traps, just published in the Journal of Medical Entomology. Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine My near half century of researching and designing and operating high powered light traps using both high intensity and fluorescent lamps is geared to attracting, collecting, and obtaining specimens of the highest quality for taxonomical studies and discoveries of many hundreds of species new to science, and thus is geared to entirely different areas of light trap uses. 2019 Aug 27;12(1):418. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3673-7. A critical review of procedures for sampling populations of adult mosquitoes. the traps by artificial light. Secure the poles firmly on the ground. funestus and An. Series of the outbreak has been recorded in 1991, 1909, 2011, and 2015 which caused heavy yield losses. Each light trap was suspended below an anchored buoy so that the entrance slots into the light trap were 1.5 m below the surface. Insects most often sampled for purposes of human and animal health include disease vectors such as mosquitoes, biting midges, and sand flies. Floyd et al. 2017, Dirzo et al. Lomolino MV, Brown JH, Sax DF. endstream endobj 305 0 obj <>/Outlines 40 0 R/Metadata 94 0 R/AcroForm 306 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 91 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/StructTreeRoot 96 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20070823102751)>> endobj 306 0 obj <>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 307 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 308 0 obj <> endobj 309 0 obj <> endobj 310 0 obj <> endobj 311 0 obj <> endobj 312 0 obj <> endobj 313 0 obj <> endobj 314 0 obj <> endobj 315 0 obj <>stream Costantini C, Sagnon NF, Sanogo E, Merzagora L, Coluzzi M. Relationship to human bitting collections and influence of light and bednet in CDC light-trap of West African malaria vectors. ciliatum Nakai). Thus, island biota are considered individuals carrying unique information regarding complex interactions amongst biological, geographical and historical factors (Vitousek et al. You may switch to Article in classic view. It might be important to note that some community members in Rusinga, an island adjacent to ICIPE-Mbita point where the trap was developed, have adopted this trap for passive mosquito surveillance with some encouraging results. Regression lines (unbroken) depict the fitted simple proportionality model (Model A) and the non-proportional (broken lines), density-dependent sampling efficiency model (Model B). Spore trap sampling involves collecting airborne particles on a filter membrane or adhesive-coated slide by drawing air through or over the collection medium, respectively. The human landing catch should be maintained as the standard reference method for use in calibrating new methods for sampling the human biting population of mosquitoes. funestus were low, no density-dependent sampling efficiency was noted for the Mbita trap while some density-dependent sampling efficiency was noted for the CDC light trap [6] suggesting that the Mbita trap is more sensitive in low densities while the CDC light trap is better at higher densities of this species. The CDC light trap caught about 60%, 120%, and 552% of the number of An. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! The functionality is limited to basic scrolling. Quantitative data from six years (2013-2018) of light trap sampling of macromoths (, GUID:CA05A068-F58B-48CA-9FC4-50AFB0D7A745. Based on the overall proportions of the population, you calculate how many people should be sampled from each subgroup. The efficiency of the CDC light trap for An. eCollection 2020. funestus, and culicine species caught in the human landing collections respectively. Thanks for your comment Vernon. The trap has metal plates resembling a plus sign, with the light bulb in the center. A survey of the literature of light-trap designs showed they. Procedure. The data generated from light trap collections were analysed and compared with daytime resting, man-biting and night resting collections carried out in parallel. One type of trap drew Culicoides from a range of two to four meters in one location yet up to 30 meters in another. It turns out some are diurnal while other nocturnal species fly by day in summer. All in all, no other traps catch so many kinds of insects so easily, which makes light traps ideal for initial general surveys. There was consistency in the sampling proportionality between the CDC light trap and the human landing catch for both An. Nonetheless, there is still a need to develop new sampling methods for some epidemiological settings. The volume of the air sample is calculated as a . Both models assumed Poisson errors in the numbers of mosquitoes caught by any of the three methods. Ground-dwelling arthropod communities of a Sky Island Mountain Range in Southeastern Arizona, USA: Obtaining a baseline for assessing the effects of climate change. Island biogeography theory. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Populations of An. RESULTS The two methods collected larvae from four brachyuran families: Cancridae, Grapsidae Pinnotheridae, and Majidae. In this study, the performance of the Mbita trap compared to the CDC light trap hung adjacent to a human-occupied bednet and the human landing catches in the sampling of An. Gunasekaran K, Jambulingam P, Sadanandane C, Sahu SS, Das PK (1994) Reli-ability of light trap sampling for Anopheles fluviatilis, a vector of malaria. Lines JD, Curtis CF, Wilkes TJ, Njunwa KJ. Introduction. Magbity EB, Lines JD. Many studies have evaluated the performance of the CDC light trap relative to the human landing catch but it is very difficult to compare the results due to the different methodologies and sampling procedures applied. A former curator at the New York Zoological Society, and now at the Wildlife Conservation Society, he may be the only man ever bitten by a coatimundi on Manhattans 57th Street. About 550 species of vascular plants are distributed on Mt. In contrast to the sticky traps that captured only very few females; we found that when male sand flies land on un-sticky white paper they successfully lure females and copulate with them. When using electric bulb, make sure that the bulb and wiring are not in contact with water to . PMC The generated dataset, which represented 587 species and 13,249 individuals from 14 families, can be adopted to establish a baseline for development of a network-orientated database to assess temporal and spatial changes of moths in temperate and tropical forests. Acta Trop 58: 1-11. Species name used in data file (Data-Jejudo-data.csv), Genus, species, author and publication year, Elevation above sea level for each survey site, Dominant vegetation type for each survey site. A geometrid species, Alcis funestus was about 2.5-fold that in Lwanda. Results: The goal of this project was to investigate the changes in moth assemblages along the altitudinal gradient in this mountain ecosystem. Yet, the fact remains that scientists still have much to learn about how many insects respond to light. arabiensis and 309, 427, and 470 An. 2014, Hallmann et al. Light trap sampling is commonly used in insect biodiversity studies. Number of moth individuals in each family collected from 11 sites in Mt. Then a t-confidence interval for the mean is given by: Or, more compactly: x 100(1 )% 11-th [I, n. I Fu, I. interpretation of results, with Statistical inference playing a role. 2010,Dapporto and Dennis 2008). So suggests a paper published today in the Journal of Medical Entomology, catchily titled The Dark Side of Light Traps.. Moth sampling was conducted for five hours after dusk. depth). Meyer Wallace M., Eble Jeffrey A., Franklin Kimberly, McManus Reilly B., Brantley Sandra L., Henkel Jeff, Marek Paul E., Hall W. Eugene, Olson Carl A., McInroy Ryan, Bernal Loaiza Emmanuel M., Brusca Richard C., Moore Wendy. Alison Jamie, Duffield Simon J., Morecroft Michael D., Marrs Rob H., Hodgson Jenny A. 2002;16:6774. Hallasan National Park, South Korea, over a period of six years (2013-2018). Beyond that, the same insects may respond unevenly or differently to light. This paper presents the results of long-term monitoring of macromoth communities in Mt. siebildii Nakai. In Egypt, traps baited with blue or green LEDs collected only about one-fifth the number of sand flies (Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia spp.) We are experimenting with display styles that make it easier to read articles in PMC. Mosquitoes were taken to the laboratory and killed by suffocation with chloroform vapour. Methods to collect insects and other arthropods are almost as numerous as kinds of insects, and new techniques are still being developed. Therefore, protecting all the people in a bednet, as was the case in the houses where the Mbita trap and the CDC light trap were used, might have prompted the indoor resting An. 2015). 2006 Jun;20(2):157-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2006.00623.x. With informed consent, three young men who had earlier been trained in mosquito sampling [6] were recruited to act as bait in the three alternative mosquito collection methods. doi: 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2002.00350.x. trailer The CDC light trap, on the other hand, caught about 60%, 120%, and 552% of the number of An. arabiensis, a mosquito species that is usually largely zoophagic but endophilic [16]. 2000, Macgregor et al. Sampling method: An ultraviolet light bucket trap, consisting of a 22 Watt ultraviolet circline light tube with a 12 V battery (BioQuip Co., USA), was employed to collect moths at each survey site. Sampling is normally done from preflowering and continue daily until the hard dough stage. arabiensis and the culicine species. 0000002823 00000 n -, Mathenge EM, Killeen GF, Oulo DO, Irungu LW, Ndegwa PN, Knols BGJ. arabiensis, An. We randomly selected the light source for each light trap so half of the transects (n Another sampling method (like random sampling) is used for the second step of choosing participants from all of. Macromoths targeted for this study comprised the moth families that traditionally fall under the category of macrolepidoptera (Kristensen and Skalski 1999), plus two easily identified microlepidoptera families: Bombycidae, Drepanidae, Erebidae, Geometridae, Noctuidae, Nolidae, Notodontidae, Limacodidae, Lasiocampidae, Sphingidae, Saturniidae, Thyrididae, Uraniidae and Zygaenidae. Laganier R, Randimby FM, Rajaonarivelo V, Robert V. Is the Mbita trap a reliable tool for evaluating the density of anopheline vectors in the highlands of Madagascar. Hallasan National Park from 2013 to 2018, during which time moths were collected once a month from May to October, using an ultraviolet bucket trap. Mokpo National University, Bull Entomol Res. Install the light trap near or within the field where you want to trap the flying insects. This type of article is typical of that written by a student without any actual or factual data or knowledge. Kang T. Climate characteristics of Hallasan Natural Reserve. The 2 habitats were sampled in ran- dom order using the following method: 2 h after dusk, 3 automated light traps were deployed. The following models were fitted to the data: Where: E(yi) is the expected number of mosquitoes caught using the method being tested; E(xi is the expected number of mosquitoes caught using the human landing method (assuming the same mosquito collector as bait); t is a multiplication factor corresponding to trapping method t in relation to the reference trapping method which was human landing catch; and c is a multiplication factor corresponding to human bait c compared to the reference catcher, assigned number 1, whose value is set to 1. Kristensen NP, Skalski AW. These studies were carried out in a village adjacent to the Ahero rice irrigation scheme in western Kenya. Also, 30 male mosquitoes were caught, 29 of them by the CDC light trap and one in the landing collections. Types of fish sam-pled with light traps have included fish from the families Clupeidae, Cyprinidae, Atherini-dae, Percichthyidae, Centrarchidae, and Perci-dae. On the other hand, moths of the Bombycidae and Zygaenidae families represented one and two species, respectively. The total height of the pillars is 30 feet, which must be used in 10-foot increments (for example, you could create three 10-foot-tall pillars, one 20-foot-tall pillar and one 10-foot-tall pillar, or one 30-foot-tall pillar).Each pillar is 5 feet by 5 feet in. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The utility of light traps for sampling Anopheles fluviatilis, the major malaria vector in the hill tracts of Koraput district, Orissa, was assessed.A modified version of the CDC miniature light trap was used in the study. The light trap used in this surveillance was the New Dersey mosquito light trap model 512. GOM & DOO supervised the fieldwork and recorded the data. Other studies in Ahero have reported similar CDC light trap to human landing catch ratios [1] for An. The ePub format is best viewed in the iBooks reader. tschonoskii Maxim., Acer Hallasan is comprised of four zones: alpine zone (> 1,800 m a.s.l. (Photo credit: Emily McDermott, Ph.D.), The Old Reliable for generations of entomologists, the light trap remains perhaps the best catchall collecting device to sample large numbers and species of insects, but it also may mask infestations of some insect-borne illnesses and even expose humans to disease vectors. The volume of collected air is first measured, and then it is expressed in the concentration against the volume of contaminated air, either in ppm (parts per million) or (mg/m 3).. 1996;12:127128. Regression lines (unbroken) depict the fitted simple proportionality model (Model. Yearly summary of numbers of species and individuals collected from 2013 to 2018 in Mt. Med Vet Entomol. doi: 10.7554/eLife.73080. 03/14/21 12:24 AM. Fig.1).1). Enter your email address to subscribe to Entomology Today. The simple expedient of adding one to each mosquito count in order to cater for zero counts can be misleading [14]. En resumen, si se estima un peso , pueden suceder cosas malas. & Bedward, M. (2014) A simulation study to quantify drift fence configuration and spacing effects when sampling mobile animals. glauca Thunb., Carpinus Map of the survey sites in Mt. UV blubs and LEDs, however, have remedied that flaw and work far better. Illustrated catalogue of Noctuidae in Korea (Lepidoptera). Results The two methods collected larvae from four brachyuran families: Cancridae, Grapsidae Pinnotheridae, and Majidae. arabiensis, An. The strategies were: i) ALL - sampling in all nights (n = 225), ii) SUMMER - sampling only in nights in June, July and August (n = 92), iii) WARMEST SUMMER - sampling only in the warmest nights in June, July and August (n = 23, temperature >16.4C), and iv) WARMEST MONTHLY - sampling only in the warmest nights of each months (n = 56). To minimise sampling bias, we sampled moths simultaneously at all 11 sites. It is a safe, efficient and economical method for conducting Aedes surveillance. Street lights or a full moonnot to mention global light pollutionmay significantly reduce a light traps haul, even though insects are swarming. Num photo response of the different insect species since last forty years. There is, therefore, a need to standardize the operational conditions and sampling procedures used if valid comparisons between various studies in are to be made. mucronulatum Development of an exposure-free bednet trap for sampling Afrotropical malaria vectors. See this image and copyright information in PMC. You raise one or more pillars of solid sand from the earth. Abdomens of An. 2002 Mar;16(1):67-74. doi: 10.1046/j.0269-283x.2002.00350.x. ), subalpine zone (1,5001,800 m), temperate deciduous tree zone (4001,500 m) and evergreen deciduous tree zone (600 m in the southern aspect and 400 m in the northern aspect) (Kong 2007). Malar J. Both methods detected various stages of six taxa (Table 1), but only the light traps collected Cancer productus, Randall, 1839. %%EOF cuspidata HWkHGP[$;$Cg6 ;~(n"17w{_W/->#EzI,f+GLfdE=lqH>yw{6 ?+\@r!9+=YM+U[1q'| Mokpo National University, Muan, South Korea, Githeko AK, Mbogo CN, Curtis CF, Lines J, Lengeler C. Entomological monitoring of large-scale vector-control interventions. Specifically, it appears that the Mbita trap may be more sensitive at low densities (Figure (Figure1).1). The availability of smaller, portable models, like the CDC miniature light trap, have furth The Dark Side of Light Traps Therefore, Winbugs version 1.4 was used to fit regression-based models to the data. 0000001752 00000 n arabiensis and An. arabiensis, An. Christian Abuya, Steve Abong'o and James Nderitu are thanked for accepting to participate in this study. Research showed that triatomine, or kissing, bugs (which spread Chagas disease, a scourge in Latin America) are drawn by artificial lighting to homes where human contact usually occurs. How to set up pitfall traps properly: The top of the container should be level with the soil surface. If parasitaemia did not clear, the participants were referred to hospital for further treatment with second line drugs. You may notice problems with Woolhouse MEJ, Dye C, Etard JF, Smith T, Charlwood JD, Garnett GP, Hagan P, Hii JLK, Ndhlovu PD, Quinnell RJ, Watts CH, Chaniawana SK, Anderson RM. var. Sampling these animals with light traps on the benthos in structurally complex areas would fill a gap in biological monitoring. funestus, whereas for the culicines, there was no simple relationship between the two methods. There was consistency in the sampling proportionality between the CDC light trap and the human landing catch for both An. Background: Accessibility But a growing body of research details the limitations of light traps and how they can sometimes fail to accurately represent populations of disease-carrying insects in a nearby area. Consequently, public health officials could underestimate the number of disease vectors, and the risk of infection, in the locale sampled.
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