Within the location block, we use the access_log directive to write logs with the values obtained from the validated JWT. Within the location block, we use the access_log directive to write logs with the values obtained from the validated JWT. Copyright F5, Inc. All rights reserved.Trademarks | Policies | Privacy | California Privacy | Do Not Sell My Personal Information |, # Proxy API with JWT to 127.0.0.1 on nginx-manager, # Include the nginx-manager-upstreams.conf for the proxy_pass to work, # Ensure you have permissions set in the directories, # More information is available , # error_log /var/log/nginx/nginx-manager-jwt-error.log debug; # Reduce severity level as required, # SSL certificates must be valid for the FQDN and placed in the correct directories. Therefore the API endpoint does not need to implement any JWT processing logic. other access modules, such as In this example, we use a bearer token in the Authorization header. First, you need to install the nginx-plus-module-njs module for NGINX Plus. This deactivation will work even if you later click Accept or submit a form. To restrict user access with basic authentication, take the following steps: Add users using the NGINX Management Suite web interface. Parameter value can contain variables. One of the primary advantages of JWTs as authentication credentials is that they convey claims, which represent entities associated with the JWT and its payload (its issuer, the user to whom it was issued, and the intended recipient, for example). NGINX Plus is a software load balancer, API gateway, and reverse proxy built on top of NGINX. This directive appeared in version 1.21.4. Save the changes. This means that we can very easily proxy the information contained within the JWT to the API endpoint without needing to implement JWT processing in the API itself. Now we are ready to issue JWTs to our API clients. For arrays, the variable keeps a list of array elements separated by commas. With JWT, these attributes are embedded, negating the need for a separate lookup. The module can be used for Notice too that the nginx-jwt script has tacked on an extra response header called X-Auth-UserId that contains the value passed in the JWT payload's subject. API client authentication with a traditional API key. The header and payload are Base64encoded JSON objects. Parameter value can contain variables. JWT Auth - WordPress JSON Web Token Authentication; Frequently Asked Questions; Support Threads; The NGINX Plus R10 release comes with native support for the JWT authentication standard. . You can use your identity provider (IdP) or your own service to create JWTs. Authentication and Content-Based Routing with JWTs and NGINX Plus. Specify the path to the JSON Web Key file that will be used to verify JWT signature or decrypt JWT content, depending on what you are using. We obtained the encoded value by running this command: The "kty":"oct" pair defines the key type as a symmetric key (octet sequence). Using JWT as the API key provides a highperformance alternative to traditional API keys, combining bestpractice authentication technology with a standardsbased schema for exchanging identity attributes. JWTs can also be used as authentication credentials in their own right and are a better way to control access to webbased APIs than traditional API keys. The only caveat is to uncomment the redirect_uri and fill that in but instead comment out or remove the redirect_uri_path which is a deprecated field. In this blog post, we describe how you can use NGINX Plus as an API gateway, providing a frontend to an API endpoint and using JWT to authenticate client applications. Therefore the API endpoint does not need to implement any JWT processing logic. JSON Web Token (JWT) In transmission, they look like the following. If any of the checks fails, Commands and encoded values appear on multiple lines only for readability; each one is actually typed as or appears on a single line. The auth_jwt directive defines the authentication realm that will be returned (along with a 401 status code) if authentication is unsuccessful. JWE content encryption algorithms (1.19.7): Enables validation of JSON Web Token. List of the OAuth 2.0 scope values that this server supports. Access phase. Save the changes. Refer to the guide Restricting Access with HTTP Basic Authentication for more information. Analytics cookies are off for visitors from the UK or EEA unless they click Accept or submit a form on nginx.com. Authorization To be valid, the $jwt_status variable must not be empty, and not equal to 0 (zero). Support Plugin: JWT Auth - WordPress JSON Web Token Authentication Configure JWT with Nginx. NGINXPlus supports the HSxxx, RSxxx, and ESxxx signature algorithms that are defined in the standard. Then, change the Redirect URI to https://login.avocado.lol/auth and use https://login.avocado.lol for the Logout Redirect URI. Now we have everything we need to create the JWT, we follow these steps to correctly encode and sign it. Without NGINX Plus to protect our API routes, we'd have to add a couple more dependencies, add some middleware to check and verify that the incoming request had a valid . gImxpYW0uY3JpbGx5QG5naW54LmNvbSIsCn0=, VGYHWPterIaLjRi0LywgN3jnDUQbSsFptUw99g2slfc, ewogICAgInN1YiI6ICJsYzEiLAogICAgImVtYWlsIjogImxpYW0uY3JpbGx5QG5naW54LmNvbSIsCn0=. The NGINXPlus configuration for validating JWTs is very simple. This can be done with the auth_jwt_key_file and/or auth_jwt_key_request directives. In addition to authentication, JWTs can also be used to pass information, called claims, about the user to the application. A traditional API key is essentially a long and complex password that the client sends as an additional HTTP header on each and every request. The exp field defines the expiration date in Unix Epoch time (the number of seconds since 1 January 1970). ngx_http_auth_basic_module, The iss field describes the issuer of the JWT, which is useful if your API gateway also accepts JWTs from thirdparty issuers or a centralized identity management system. descriptions below). In this example, were also using claim-based variables to provide API rate limiting per API client, instead of per IP address. Note each users username for step 2. The nginx plus stands as a api/security gateway and needs to authenticate the request with the JWT inside the Authorization header. The following table shows the authentication options for Instance Manager on NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus. authentication. This directive appeared in version 1.11.10. The authentication will succeed only Get the help you need from the experts, authors, maintainers, and community. For more examples, refer to the NGINX documentation Setting up JWT Authentication. Below is an example NGINX conf for using JWT. Weve added line breaks for readability (the actual JWT is a single string). For the API client developer, they are just as easy to handle as traditional API keys, and they provide the API gateway with identity information that would otherwise require a database lookup. Join the DZone community and get the full member experience. These are accessed by prefixing $jwt_header_ or $jwt_claim_ to the desired field (for example, $jwt_claim_sub for the sub claim). as a In transmission they look like the following. With the release of NGINX Plus R10, NGINX Plus can validate JWTs directly. Run sudo nginx -t to verify the config has no errors. Variable values for tokens encrypted with JWE This example sums up the previous steps into one configuration: Copyright F5, Inc. All rights reserved.Trademarks | Policies | Privacy | California Privacy | Do Not Sell My Personal Information |, NGINX Microservices Reference Architecture, Installing NGINX Plus on the Google Cloud Platform, Creating NGINX Plus and NGINX Configuration Files, Dynamic Configuration of Upstreams with the NGINX Plus API, Configuring NGINX and NGINX Plus as a Web Server, Using NGINX and NGINX Plus as an Application Gateway with uWSGI and Django, Restricting Access with HTTP Basic Authentication, Authentication Based on Subrequest Result, Limiting Access to Proxied HTTP Resources, Restricting Access to Proxied TCP Resources, Restricting Access by Geographical Location, Securing HTTP Traffic to Upstream Servers, Monitoring NGINX and NGINX Plus with the New Relic Plug-In, High Availability Support for NGINX Plus in On-Premises Deployments, Configuring Active-Active High Availability and Additional Passive Nodes with keepalived, Synchronizing NGINX Configuration in a Cluster, How NGINX Plus Performs Zone Synchronization, Single Sign-On with Microsoft Active Directory FS, Active-Active HA for NGINX Plus on AWS Using AWS Network Load Balancer, Active-Passive HA for NGINX Plus on AWS Using Elastic IP Addresses, Global Server Load Balancing with Amazon Route 53 and NGINX Plus, Using NGINX or NGINX Plus as the Ingress Controller for Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services, Creating Amazon EC2 Instances for NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus, Global Server Load Balancing with NS1 and NGINX Plus, All-Active HA for NGINX Plus on the Google Cloud Platform, Load Balancing Apache Tomcat Servers with NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus, Load Balancing Microsoft Exchange Servers with NGINX Plus, Load Balancing Node.js Application Servers with NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus, Load Balancing Oracle E-Business Suite with NGINX Plus, Load Balancing Oracle WebLogic Server with NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus, Load Balancing Wildfly and JBoss Application Servers with NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus, Active-Active HA for NGINX Plus on Microsoft Azure Using the Azure Standard Load Balancer, Creating Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines for NGINX Open Source and NGINX Plus, Migrating Load Balancer Configuration from Citrix ADC to NGINX Plus, Migrating Load Balancer Configuration from F5 BIG-IP LTM to NGINX Plus, nested JWT claims and longer signing keys, getting JSON Web keys from a remote location, Authenticating API Clients with JWT and NGINX Plus, Configuring NGINX Plus to Authenticate API, An identity provider (IdP) or service that creates JWT. I'm not a master of the inner workings of nginx. and assign the result to the. Allows retrieving a Append the encoded signature to the header and payload. sets the URI where the subrequest will be sent to. Authenticating API Clients With JWT and NGINX Plus, Docker Files and Volumes: Permission Denied, iOS Meets IoT: Five Steps to Building Connected Device Apps for Apple, What Does Synchronization With Asyncio Look Like, Top 15 Angular Frameworks and Libraries for Web Development. Specifies which type of JSON Web Token to expect: You may find additional configuration tips and documentation for this module in the GitHub repository for nginx-module-auth-ldap. Specifying both directives at the same time will allow you to specify more than one source for keys. For manual JWT generation, see Issuing a JWT to API Clients section of the, A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, dir - direct use of a shared symmetric key as the content encryption key, RSA-OAEP, RSA-OAEP-256, RSA-OAEP-384, RSA-OAEP-512, The signature can be verified (for JWS) or payload can be decrypted (for JWE) with the key found in the, The JWT is presented inside the validity period, when defined by one or both of the, the recipient of the token (audience) is our APIs (map rule 1), the token was issued by a trusted identity provider (map rule 2), scopes in APIs called on behalf of administrators (map rule 3). A common way to authenticate an API client (the remote software client requesting API resources) is through a shared secret, generally referred to as an APIkey. Concatenate the encoded header and payload with a period (.) This is just for convenience, but it does help verify that the server does indeed know who you are. We explain how to configure the gateway for JWT-based authentication, issue JWTs to API clients, rate limit, log claims from the JWT, and revoke JWTs. Separately flatten and Base64URLencode the header and payload. NGINX Plus R15 and later can also control the Authorization Code Flow in OpenID Connect1.0, which enables integration with most major identity providers. The default value of the directive is signed, so for JWS, the directive can be omitted. Now that we have everything we need to create the JWT, we follow these steps to correctly encode and sign it. The log_format directive defines a new format called jwt which extends the common log format with two additional fields, $jwt_header_alg and $jwt_claim_sub. Concatenate the encoded header and payload with a period (.) The curl command in Step5 sends the JWT to NGINXPlus in the form of a BearerToken, which is what NGINXPlus expects by default. JSON Web Tokens (JWTs, pronounced jots) are a compact and highly portable means of exchanging identity information. the value of the variable cannot be evaluated; For more examples, refer to the NGINX documentation Setting up JWT Authentication. two protected. Deployers of APIs and microservices are also turning to the JWT standard for its simplicity and flexibility. The OAuth 2.0 Token Introspection specification mandates authentication, but does not specify the method. This article explains how to control authentication of your web resources using JWT authentication. Lightning-fast application delivery and API management for modern app teams. This directive appeared in version 1.21.2. Configure NGINX Plus to accept JWT: specify the auth_jwt directive that enables JWT authentication and also defines the authentication area (or realm, API in the example): NGINX Plus can also obtain the JWT from a query string parameter. The ngx_http_auth_jwt_module module (1.11.3) Weve added line breaks for readability (the actual JWT is a single string) and color coding to distinguish the three parts: As shown, a period (.) From time to time it may be necessary to revoke or reissue an API clients JWT. LDAP library default is on. This option disables usage of referral messages from LDAP server. Create a JWT token and put it in the authorization header and make a request to Nginx: curl -H "authorization: Bearer {JWT}" {NGINX_SERVER} If any problems occurred check Nginx logs. After correct validation of JWT the bearer should be put into a custom HTTP header for a proxied request to a backend webservice. and sets caching time for them. JWT is data format for user information in the OpenID Connect standard, which is the standard identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol. JWTs can also be used as authentication credentials in their own right and are a better way to control access to webbased APIs than traditional API keys. The module can be used for OpenID Connect authentication. However, in some cases you need to set more conditions for a successful JWT validation, in particular when dealing with application-specific or protocol level claims. Explore the areas where NGINX can help your organization overcome specific technical challenges. JSON Web Tokens (JWTs, pronounced jots) are a compact and highly portable means of exchanging identity information. In this blog post we describe how to use NGINXPlus as an API gateway, providing a frontend to an API endpoint and using JWTs to authenticate client applications. Performing this lookup on each and every request has an understandable impact on the overall latency of the system. The ability to cryptographically sign JWTs makes them ideal for use as authentication credentials. The complete list of available variables is documented here. Authentication. NGINX Plus also supports the RS256 and EC256 signature algorithms that are defined in the standard. (1.19.7), and Nested JWT (1.21.0). The location block specifies that any requests to URLs beginning with /products/ must be authenticated. For instruction on how to limit access to features using role-based access control, see the Set Up RBAC tutorial. EdDSA (Ed25519 and Ed448 signatures) (1.15.7), A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512, dir- direct use of a shared symmetric key as the content encryption key, RSA-OAEP, RSA-OAEP-256, RSA-OAEP-384, RSA-OAEP-512 (1.21.0). The file must follow the format described by the JSON Web Key specification; our example looks like this: The symmetric key is defined by k and here is the Base64URLencoded value of the plaintext character string fantasticjwt. The NGINX Controller #API Management Module outperforms Kong on every metric we tested: added latency, API calls per second (with and without JWT authentication), and CPU usage. JWE (encrypted), sy007 (@sy007) 1 year, 8 months ago. The JWT specification has been an important underpinning of OpenID Connect, providing a single signon token for the OAuth2.0 ecosystem. Check this box so we and our advertising and social media partners can use cookies on nginx.com to better tailor ads to your interests. Finally, the kid (Key ID) field defines a serial number for this JSON Web Key, here 0001, which allows us to support multiple keys in the same file (named by the auth_jwt_key_file directive) and manage the lifecycle of those keys and the JWTs signed with them. To use OIDC with Instance Manager, you need to perform the following: Install Instance Manager on NGINX Plus R21 or later. # ssl_client_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx-manager/ca.pem; EECDH+CHACHA20:EECDH+AES128:RSA+AES128:EECDH+AES256:RSA+AES256:EECDH+3DES:RSA+3DES:!MD5, # Could change to /api for multiple methods of auth, # Change to realm you use or "" for no realm. This will offload JWE decryption from the application to NGINX Plus. The module may be combined with From time to time it may be necessary to revoke or reissue an API clients JWT. Caching of keys obtained from variables is not supported. In this scenario, the keys will be taken from two files: the key.jwk file and the keys.json file: In this scenario, there are also two sources for the keys, but the private keys will be taken from the local file private_jwe_keys.jwk, while the public keys will be taken from the external identity provider service https://idp.example.com in a subrequest: It is recommended to enable JWT key caching to get the optimal performance from the JWT module. This means that we can very easily proxy the information contained within the JWT to the API endpoint without needing to implement JWT processing in the API itself. Enabling rate-limiting can help mitigate and prevent DDoS attacks and should be enabled for the API and web interface listeners. Accept cookies for analytics, social media, and advertising, or learn more and adjust your preferences. Share! F5, Inc. is the company behind NGINX, the popular open source project. Try Red Hat's products and technologies without setup or configuration free for 30 days with this shared OpenShift and Kubernetes cluster . The ngx_http_auth_jwt_module module NGINX Plus provides support for JWT authentication and sophisticated configuration solutions based on the information contained within the JWT itself. By default, caching of keys is disabled. When we decode our sample JWT we see: The JWT standard defines several signature algorithms. JWTs have three parts: a header, a payload, and a signature. The proxy_set_header directive adds a HTTP header called APIClient which the API endpoint can easily consume. The JWT specification has been an important underpinning of OpenID Connect, providing a single signon token for the OAuth 2.0 ecosystem. Sets the variable to a JWT claim parameter Learn how to protect your apps with NGINX and NGINX Plus. For example, OpenID Connect Core requires validation of iss (issuer), aud (audience), sub (subject) claims for ID token. JWT may be also passed as a cookie or a part of a query string: The special value off cancels the effect These cookies are on by default for visitors outside the UK and EEA. By combining a simple map block with the auth_jwt_require directive, we can deny access to an API client by marking its JWT as invalid until such time as the JWTs expiration date (represented in the exp claim) is reached, at which point the map entry for that JWT can be safely removed. Basically, JWT is used for the Authentication and Authorization of different users. As a sample API client, well use a quotation system application and create a JWT for the API client. Commands and encoded values appear on multiple lines only for readability; each one is actually typed as or appears on a single line: The curl command in Step 5 sends the JWT to NGINX Plus in the form of a Bearer Token, which is what NGINX Plus expects by default. NGINXPlus can also obtain the JWT from a cookie or query string parameter; to configure this, include the token= parameter to the auth_jwt directive. nbf JSON Web Tokens are well suited to providing authenticated access to APIs. For example. For a detailed discussion of the directive, see Custom JWT Validation Rules in the blog announcing NGINX Plus R25. separates the header, payload, and signature. First configure your Okta app in the Okta web GUI then fill in the proper fields that are not commented out in the NGINX example conf. This becomes increasingly valuable as the number of API endpoints increases. ngx_http_auth_request_module, With traditional API keys, this requires a lookup to match the API key with a set of attributes. The following algorithms can be used for signing: JSON Web Encryption (JWE) - the contents of JWT is encrypted. A JWT is considered to be valid when the following conditions are met: In order to validate the signature with a key or to decrypt data, a JSON Web Key (key.jwk) should be created. The value HS256 in our example refers to HMACSHA256, which were using for all sample JWTs in this blog post. See the original article here. JSON Web TokenJWT"jot" JWT OpenID Connect OAuth 2.0 JWT API Web API NGINX Plus R10 JWT NGINX Plus API API JWT NGINX Plus JWT NGINX Combined with other API gateway capabilities, NGINXPlus enables you to deliver APIbased services with speed, reliability, scalability, and security. The log_format directive defines a new format called jwt which extends the common log format with two additional fields, $jwt_header_alg and $jwt_claim_sub. Editor This blog post was updated in December2021 to use the auth_jwt_require directive introduced in NGINX Plus R25.
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