Differentiation Combining Chain, Product & Quotient Rules I Mark Scheme June 2007 Mar 2020 Pure Maths 2 9709/22, Oct 2021 Pure Maths 3 9709/31 Genotyping was based on the size and direct sequencing of the PCR amplicon. Magenta lines and dashed blue lines indicate when the values for the T287D-expressing mice are significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower, respectively. Learn to find the sum of even numbers using Arithmetic Progression and sum of natural numbers formulas at BYJUS. Comparative biology and evolution. Edexcel May/June 2021 IAL Pure Maths WMA11/01 The dried peptides were solubilized in 200 L of 2% acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA. Statistics Exam Questions: Correlation & Regression The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate-level phosphorylation, which does not require oxygen. Laboratory for Mouse Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan, Roles Unless otherwise indicated, we refer to mice with AAV-mediated expression of CaMKII mutants simply by the mutant name (e.g., T287D mice). (E) Example chromatogram of SRM measurement for pS182 peptide. Infinite Series Definition Proving Trig Identities III Abbreviations: adeno-associated virus; AIP2, For pAAV construction, the Camk2b sequence was transferred into the pAAV vector (kindly provided by Dr. Hirokazu Hirai) along with the hSyn1 promoter [64], FLAG tag, Camk2b 3 UTR, WPRE, and SV40 polyA sequences as illustrated in Fig 1B. Derivation of the Quadratic Formula constant dark; del, Investigation, [6][7] It states that those alleles whose phenotypic effects successfully promote their own propagation will be favorably selected relative to their competitor alleles within the population. Mar 2020 Mechanics 4 9709/42, Oct 2021 Prob & Stats 1 9709/51 Solving Equations using Logs Addition of Ca2+ also promoted the S26 and S182 phosphorylations following to T287 phosphorylation. It was further elaborated by the Buddhist atomists Dharmakirti and Dignga during the 1st millennium CE. Given the physiological process of the sleepwake cycle, it is reasonable to assume that organisms employ multiple and stepwise mechanisms to regulate sleep. EEG/EMG recordings showed an increase in NREM and REM sleep duration (Fig 5D and 5E), a significant decrease in PSW, and no significant change in PWS (Fig 5F), which is consistent with the SSS analysis. The dimethyl-labeled peptides on the Sep-Pak cartridge were eluted with an 80% acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA solution. Trigonometry (from Ancient Greek (trgnon) 'triangle', and (mtron) 'measure') is a branch of mathematics that studies relationships between side lengths and angles of triangles.The field emerged in the Hellenistic world during the 3rd century BC from applications of geometry to astronomical studies. - Google Chrome: https://www.google.com/chrome, - Firefox: https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new. Pure Maths Mock Paper 1 2019 Mark Scheme January 2009 Mark Scheme June 2013 (G-I) Sleep parameters (G and I) and sleep profiles (H) measured by EEG/EMG recordings for mice expressing CaMKII WT or the T287D mutant under the hSyn1 promoter. Proof of A sin x - B cos x = R sin (x - alpha) The percentage of delta power for each epoch is used for the calculation and estimation of each parameter. Differential First Order equation, Introduction to Integration Modulus Graphs I Several forms of vitamin D exist.The two major forms are vitamin D 2 or ergocalciferol, and vitamin D 3 or cholecalciferol. Modulus Graphs II 3.5 Energy transfers in and between organisms (A-level only) 3.6 Organisms respond to changes in their internal and external environments (A-level only) 3.7 Genetics, populations, evolution and ecosystems (A-level only) 3.8 The control of gene expression (A-level only) Scheme of assessment; General administration Differentiation Exam Questions V Its definitely not miraculous.2 Its experimental and often fails. (A) Sleep parameters of mice expressing CaMKII WT or the T287 mutant shown in Fig 1G1I during light or dark periods. T287D mutant has a higher PWS, suggesting that T287 phosphorylation plays a role in sleep induction. Mark Scheme January 2010 May 2021 Pure Maths 3 9709/32 Integration Help I We focused on the sleep maintenance function of T306 and T307 because these residues are a well-known autonomous negative feedback control for CaMKII kinase activation. Questions January 2010 After 10 days of recovery, the mice were placed in experimental cages with a connection of spring supported recording leads. AAV, adeno-associated virus; CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; SSS, snappy sleep stager. Workflow for selecting the statistical test methods used in this study. It is also called sigma notation because the symbol used is the letter sigma of the Greek alphabet. In parallel with these sleep-controlling phosphorylation residues in CaMKII, PP1 and PP2 have been shown to be involved in the dephosphorylation of CaMKII T286 phosphorylation in the postsynapse [59,60]. Multiple comparison tests were performed between all individual groups. Pure Maths Mock Paper 2 2019 S1 Fig summarizes the workflow for selecting statistical method and the statistical analyses used in each experiment of this study and p-values. Multiple comparison tests were performed between all individual groups. May 2022 Pure Maths 1 9709/12 For clearing the mouse brain, second-generation CUBIC protocols were used. The novel cage environment promotes awakening by stimulating the mices exploratory behavior [28]. Camk2b knockout mice have been also shown to have abnormal motor functions [47]. Equation of Circle Tutorial 3 Matrices Finding Linear Transformations Mar 2022 Mechanics 4 9709/42, Oct 2021 Mechanics 4 9709/41 (E, F) Normalized EEG power spectra (E) and NREM power density in typical frequency domains (F) of Camk2b KO mice and WT C57BL/6N mice. The procedure to use the infinite series calculator is as follows: Step 1: Enter the function in the first input field and apply the summation limits from and to in the respective fields, Step 2: Now click the button Submit to get the output, Step 3: The summation value will be displayed in the new window. Concepts that you will need to know for the A-level Maths: Kinematics SUVAT equations II Green-beard effects gained their name from a thought-experiment first presented by Bill Hamilton[25] and then popularized and given its current name by Richard Dawkins who considered the possibility of a gene that caused its possessors to develop a green beard and to be nice to other green-bearded individuals. Solving Cos = value Otherwise, SteelDwass test was applied. The Hanseatic League was a commercial and defensive alliance of the merchant guilds of towns and cities in northern and central Europe. Each joint has its own level of flexibility, expressed in degrees. Trig. Solving Logarithmic Equations Solving Quadratic Equations using the Quadratic Formula A Level Exam Practice Edexcel 2019 Pure Maths Paper 1 GCSE/IGCSE Maths. The procedure to use the summation calculator is as follows: Pakudha Kaccayana, a 6th-century BCE Indian philosopher and contemporary Indeed, T306 and T307 are well-established autophosphorylation target [1921]. Brain DNA was purified using an Agencourt DNAdvance (Beckman Coulter, USA). A significant decrease in the sleep duration was observed both in set 1 and set 2 gRNA-injected mice, suggesting that at least a major part of sleep phenotype is not due to the off-target effect of injected gRNAs [2]. Edexcel Jan 2021 IAL Pure Maths WMA11/01 Department of Systems Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Roles The reduced sleep duration previously observed in Camk2b knockout mice revealed a role for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) as a sleep-promoting kinase. May 2020 Pure Maths 1 9709/12 Questions June 2009 Simultaneous Linear Equations Substitution A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act according to a set of rules to form a unified whole. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Brain/MINDS JP20dm0207049, Science and Technology Platform Program for Advanced Biological Medicine JP21am0401011, AMED-CREST 18gm0610006h0006 (to H.R.U.) For the Cry1/2 DKO and Per1/2 DKO mutant mice, recordings were performed under LD conditions for 2 weeks followed by DD conditions for 2 weeks. The low Ca2+ concentration condition also promotes T311 phosphorylation, which is spatially close to T306 and T307. The simulation and estimation of time constants for the daily increase and decrease of NREM-EEG delta power were carried out as described in the previous study [27]. Laboratory for Synthetic Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan, Trigonometry Tutorial 4 CaMKII, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; MS, mass spectrometry; SRM, selected reaction monitoring. The copy numbers of both the AAV vector genomes and mouse genomic DNA were quantified with a standard curve generated from known amounts of DNA. The obtained heterozygous or homozygous FLAG knock-in F0 mice were crossed with wildtype C57BL/6N mice to obtain heterozygous FLAG knock-in F1 mice. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (/ a s /; German: Gau [kal fid as] (); Latin: Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 1777 23 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields in mathematics and science. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain.The biosignals detected by EEG have been shown to represent the postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and allocortex. For instance, an individual has a p = 1/2 in relation to his brother, and p = 1/8 to his cousin, so we would expect, ceteris paribus, greater altruism among brothers than among cousins. Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, the University of Tokyo, Minato-city, Tokyo, Japan, Current address: Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan, Affiliation Questions June 2007 Solutions June 2012 Middle school Earth and space science - NGSS, World History Project - Origins to the Present, World History Project - 1750 to the Present, Over- and under-estimation of Riemann sums, Worked example: finding a Riemann sum using a table, Worked example: over- and under-estimation of Riemann sums, Motion problem with Riemann sum approximation, Worked example: Riemann sums in summation notation, Midpoint and trapezoidal sums in summation notation, Riemann sums in summation notation: challenge problem, Definite integral as the limit of a Riemann sum, Worked example: Rewriting definite integral as limit of Riemann sum, Worked example: Rewriting limit of Riemann sum as definite integral, Level up on the above skills and collect up to 560 Mastery points, The fundamental theorem of calculus and accumulation functions, Functions defined by definite integrals (accumulation functions), Finding derivative with fundamental theorem of calculus, Finding derivative with fundamental theorem of calculus: chain rule, Interpreting the behavior of accumulation functions, Finding definite integrals using area formulas, Worked examples: Finding definite integrals using algebraic properties, Worked example: Breaking up the integral's interval, Worked example: Merging definite integrals over adjacent intervals, Functions defined by integrals: switched interval, Finding derivative with fundamental theorem of calculus: x is on lower bound, Finding derivative with fundamental theorem of calculus: x is on both bounds, Functions defined by integrals: challenge problem, Finding definite integrals using algebraic properties, Definite integrals over adjacent intervals, The fundamental theorem of calculus and definite integrals, Rewriting before integrating: challenge problem, Reverse power rule: negative and fractional powers, Reverse power rule: rewriting before integrating, Level up on the above skills and collect up to 480 Mastery points, Indefinite integrals of sin(x), cos(x), and e, Definite integral of absolute value function, Definite integrals of piecewise functions, -substitution: multiplying by a constant, -substitution: defining (more examples), -substitution: definite integral of exponential function, Integration using completing the square and the derivative of arctan(x), Integration using trigonometric identities, Intuition for second part of fundamental theorem of calculus. The qPCR results indicate that triple gRNA sequences used for this KO effectively induced deletion mutations in the chromosomal target-1 and target-2 regions covered by the alternative primer pair #2. Second Derivatives Learn to find the sum of even numbers using Arithmetic Progression and sum of natural numbers formulas at BYJUS. If you're ready to pass your A-Level Biology exams, become a member now to get complete access to our entire library of revision materials. The dimethyl-labeled peptides on the tip were eluted with an 80% acetonitrile and 0.1% TFA solution. : no significance. The shaded areas represent SEM. These residues did not exhibit significant sleep phenotypes in our single/double-phosphomimetic screening but may have a role in sleepwake control in other combinations of multisite phosphorylation of CaMKII. Thus, we speculate that the phosphorylation at T287 residue may not occur effectively in the single T306D or T307D mutant CaMKII in our experimental conditions. Magenta lines and dashed blue lines indicate when the values for the T287D:T306D:T307D-expressing mice are significantly (p < 0.05) higher and lower, respectively. Mark Scheme June 2010 Surds Tutorial IV, Logarithms Tutorial (D) Time series changes of sleep-controlling residues phosphorylation under different Ca2+ conditions in vitro. (A) Expression levels of endogenous CaMKII and AAV-mediated transduced CaMKII in the brain. We can approximate integrals using Riemann sums, and we define definite integrals using limits of Riemann sums. Mechanics Exam Questions Velocity Vectors He uses this phrase as a synonym of the "meaning of life" or the "purpose of life". Parallel & Perpendicular Lines : no significance. Mechanics Exam Questions Force Vectors On the fifth day following the transfection, the cells and the culture medium were collected and combined with the stored medium. May 2020 Pure Maths 1 9709/11 Mark Scheme January 2013 Mechanics Newtons Law of Motion, F=ma Binomial Expansion Tutorial (E, F) Sleep/wake parameters (E) and sleep profiles (F) measured by SSS, averaged over 6 days, for mice expressing WT CaMKII or the T287D mutant (T287D) under the Camk2b promoter. Yes We focused on the 5 mutants (T287D:S26D, T287D:T177D, T287D:S182D, T287D:T311D, and T287D:S516D) with the top 5 closest sleep parameters to WT, even if they had transduction efficiencies comparable to that of T287D (S10A Fig). Contributed equally to this work with: The cloned sequence corresponds to the variant with 94 residue linker (exon 13, 14b, 16, 17, 18). Continuous Random Variable: Median, Quartiles & Percentiles These sleep induction and maintenance activities are cancelled by the additional phosphorylation at S26, S182, and T311 (T311 seems to work only for cancellation of sleep induction, not for sleep maintenance). If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Each of the 69 CaMKII mutants was expressed under the control of human synapsin-1 (hSyn1) promoter and delivered in wild-type (WT) mice brain by an adeno-associated virus (AAV) system AAV-PHP.eB [26], which allows broad gene expression throughout the brain. These results suggest that the sleep maintenance function of CaMKII with phosphorylated T306 and T307 depends on its enzyme activity and that this function requires T287 phosphorylation. Equation of Circle Tutorial 1 (B, C) Sleep/wake parameters (B) and sleep profiles (C) of mice expressing the CaMKII del mutant, averaged over 6 days. As with T287D single mutant, the prolonged sleep duration for the T287D:T306A:T307A can be explained by an increase in PWS (i.e., sleep induction). A sequence is a list of numbers or events that have been ordered sequentially. There was no correlation between the ensemble of sleep duration and AAV transduction efficiency among the analyzed mutants (S3B Fig), indicating that the observed sleep phenotypes can be attributed to the nature of the introduced mutations rather than to a possible difference in AAV transduction efficacy. Binomial Expansion Examples I In summary, the sleep induction and maintenance effect of CaMKII elicited by T287 phosphorylation followed by T306 and T307 phosphorylation appears to be terminated by S26 and S182 phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of T311 may only cancel the sleep induction activity elicited by T287 phosphorylation. Step 3: The summation value will be displayed in the new window. Questions June 2007 Even so, it becomes necessary to model the genes in combination with their vehicle as well as in combination with the vehicle's environment.
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