On September 18, 2007, Pioneer and Mitsubishi codeveloped BD-R LTH ("Low to High" in groove recording), which features an organic dye recording layer that can be manufactured by modifying existing CD-R and DVD-R production equipment, significantly reducing manufacturing costs. [64], The dowry was a custom brought to Brazil by Portuguese settlers. Bee dances are another example of iconicity in animal communication systems.[6]. The Domostroy, a Russian advice book of the 16th century for upper classes, includes advice to set aside property for purposes of a dowry, and use it to accumulate linens, clothing, and other things for it, rather than have to suddenly buy it all for the wedding; if the daughter should happen to die, the dowry should be used to give alms and for prayers for her soul, although some might be set aside for other daughters. Close family are the preferred marriage partners so as to keep property within the group. RE 2.0) and Blu-ray Recordable Disc File System Specifications version 1.0 (UDF) (a.k.a. ^ e Also known as Final Standard profile. In the poems "The Fish" and "The Moose" by Elizabeth Bishop, temporal iconicity is at work. The BD-ROM specifications were finalized in early 2006. Parenthetical citations direct attention to the more detailed reference list, which provides complete source information. [7] More recently, the possible role of iconicity is being evaluated again. Documentary evidence suggests that at the beginning of 20th century, bridewealth, rather than dowry was the common custom, which often resulted in poor boys remaining unmarried. [81] Dowry-murder persists. [24] In case of divorce without reason, a man was required to give his wife the dowry she brought as well as the bride price the husband gave. Following these new developments, on February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it would end production of HD DVD devices,[53] allowing Blu-ray Disc to become the industry standard for high-density optical discs. The Portuguese crown gave two cities in India and Morocco as dowry to the British Crown in 1661 when King Charles II of England married Catherine of Braganza, a princess of Portugal. In 375 CE, the Huns conquered most of the Alanoi living to the east of the Don river, massacred a significant number of them, and absorbed them into their tribal polity, while the Alanoi to the west of the Don remained free from Hunnish domination. The HBS Digital Initiative reshapes digital to create a world where technology advances and serves humanity. The current practical maximum speed for Blu-ray Discs is about 12 (54MB/s). Dowry is known as eyiz in Turkey. [127] It is similar in concept to the MiniDVD and Mini CD. [3] This can be seen, for example, in Amharic, where tsbbr means "it was broken" and tsbbabr means that "it was shattered". [90] However, in Pakistan it is still expected that a bride will bring some kind of dowry with her to a marriage, whether she is Muslim, Hindu, or Christian. According to tradition, even in current times, the dowry is displayed for showing-off, before the marriage in rural Turkey, at the bride's family, or groom's familythe display is typically attended and examined by women, particularly from the groom's family. [114], Dowry is called Jehez in Afghanistan,[115] and is separate from Mahr, sherbaha, and brideprice (locally called walwar, toyana, or qalyn). Password requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; At their greatest reported extent, around 100 BC, these tribes ranged from the Vistula River to the mouth of the Danube and eastward to the Volga, bordering the shores of the Black and Caspian seas as well as the Caucasus to the south. This collection tells the story of the Chernobyl reactor accident, seen through the eyes of Professor Willaim Zoller, an atmospheric chemist, invited by the United Nations to examine the site. [160] The World Health Organization (WHO) has expressed concern for dowry-related femicide, citing the study by Virendra Kumar which argued that dowry deaths occur primarily in areas of the Indian subcontinent. Obviously, providing such an etymythological explanation for the pogrom was regarded by some Jews as a mere play on words. Images documenting Alaska and Western Canada, primarily the provinces of Yukon Territory and British Columbia depicting scenes of the Gold Rush of 1898, city street scenes, Eskimo and Native Americans of the region, hunting and fishing, and transportation. 221251. [12], Goody has demonstrated a historical correlation between the practices of "diverging devolution" (dowry) and the development of intensive plough agriculture on the one hand, and homogeneous inheritance (brideprice) and extensive hoe agriculture on the other. Variations were not unusual, however, as research has shown in So Paulo, 31% of fathers gave dowries of increasing size to the younger daughters, and 21% distributed dowries with no particular favour shown to birth order of the daughters. Photographs in an ever-growing database of historical images from Washington State including cities and towns, fortifications, public works, and national parks. During the 1st century CE , two Sarmatian rulers from the steppe named Pharzoios and Inismes were minting coins in Olbia Pontik. It uses data like population density, average incomes, and traffic patterns to identify target areas for a new store. One poet well known for his visual poems, and therefore visual iconicity, is E. E. Cummings. [49] The five samples of Y-DNA extracted belonged to haplogroup R1a1, I2b, R (two samples), and R1. In the third century AD, their dominance of the Pontic Steppe was broken by the Germanic Goths. It provides background for those who will encounter this methodology in their reading rather than [218][219] Other programs known to be capable of circumventing BD+ protection are DumpHD (versions 0.6 and above, along with some supporting software),[220] MakeMKV,[221] and two applications from DVDFab (Passkey and HD Decrypter). [156], Disputes related to dowry sometimes result in violence against women, including killings and acid attacks. [60] In late Tsarist Russia the dowry originally consisted of clothing for the bride, linen, and bedding. "[233] This means the MVC (3D) stream is backward compatible with H.264/AVC (2D) stream, allowing older 2D devices and software to decode stereoscopic video streams, ignoring additional information for the second view. This file is used only when 3D video is played back. He cites two studies from the early 20th century with data to suggest that this pattern of dowry in upper castes and bridewealth in lower castes persisted through the first half of the 20th century. [179], At the 2005 JavaOne trade show, it was announced that Sun Microsystems' Java cross-platform software environment would be included in all Blu-ray Disc players as a mandatory part of the standard. The first Blu-ray Disc player was perceived as expensive and buggy, and there were few titles available.[45]. Several hundred photographs and 23 documents describing the place of salmon in the Pacific Northwest in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the roots of the salmon crisis. Both European and American books from the 18th to the 20th c. are represented in this collection. Digital ethnography of teachers online communities. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released in June 20, 2006 worldwide. The most famous example of this English female inheritance and agency right is perhaps Elizabeth I of England, who held all rights a male monarch did. [152], The Blu-ray Disc application for recording of digital broadcasting has been developed as System Description Blu-ray Rewritable Disc Format part 3 Audio Visual Basic Specifications (BDAV). [186][187][188] While some Bonus View players may have an Ethernet port, it is used for firmware updates and is not used for Internet-based content. The purpose of the original research is to produce new knowledge, rather than to present the existing knowledge in a new form (e.g., It was invented and developed in 2005 and released in June 20, 2006 worldwide. [25] It was a nomadic steppe culture ranging from the Black Sea eastward to beyond the Volga that is especially evident at two of the major sites at Kardaielova and Chernaya in the trans-Uralic steppe. The purpose of the original research is to produce new knowledge, rather than to present the existing knowledge in a new form (e.g., In addition, both Sony's and Panasonic's replication methods include proprietary hard-coat technologies. Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower.While bride price or bride service is a payment by the groom, or his family, to the bride, or her family, dowry is the wealth transferred from the bride, or her family, to the groom, or his Blu-ray Discs cost no more to produce than DVD discs. Gehaz includes furniture, appliances, jewelry, china, bedding and various household items. From 1995 to 1998, 15 women reported dowry disputes as the motivation behind acid attacks, though that number may be low due to underreporting. [25][26], A wife's dowry was administered by her husband as part of the family assets. Images of buildings and city views drawn from across time and throughout the world. The table shows the speeds available. Features images of Front St. Dawson around the time of the Klondike Gold Rush, sweeping city views of Seattle after the turn of the century and the memorable Mississippi flood of 1927. Al-Biruni claimed. [16][15][17], Two other Sarmatian tribes, the Sirakoi, who had previously originated in the Transcaspian Plains immediately to the northeast of Kyrkania before migrating to the west, and the Aorsoi, moved to the west across the Volga and into the Caucasus mountains' foothills between the 2nd to 1st centuries BCE. [71], The daughters of wealthy 19th-century industrialists, who were able to inherit large amounts of money and property, were given "dowries" by their fathers to marry European aristocrats who held a title but had little wealth. zzzzz.m2ts file: contains a BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream. Pink and Morgan (2013), Short-term ethnography: intense routes to knowing. Photographs were taken between 1970 and 2008 by Professor William Craft Brumfield of Tulane University. It provides background for those who will encounter this methodology in their reading rather than BD Video movies have a maximum data transfer rate of 54Mbit/s, a maximum AV bitrate of 48Mbit/s (for both audio and video data), and a maximum video bit rate of 40Mbit/s. According to the Blu-ray Disc Association, all Blu-ray Disc players and Blu-ray Disc-equipped computer systems are required to enforce regional coding. For the complexity of the interactions of these peoples see. [16][15], The hegemony of the Sarmatians in the Pontic Steppe continued during the 1st century BCE, when they were allied with the Scythians against Diophantos, a general of Mithradats VI Eupatr, before allying with Mithradats against the Romans and fighting for him in both Europe and Asia, demonstrating the Sarmatians' complete involvement in the affairs of the Pontic and Danubian regions. [141][142], Blu-ray Disc specifies the use of Universal Disk Format (UDF) 2.50 as a convergent-friendly format for both PC and consumer electronics environments. Dowries could include land, a house in the city, cash, gold dust, gold bars, tools and machinery, cattle, or horses. A selection of items drawn from the Seattle office of the Industrial Workers of the World labor organization. Players may optionally implement Dolby Digital Plus and DTS-HD High Resolution Audio as well as lossless formats Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio. [126], Centuries ago, Mahr and Sadaq meant something different in Morocco. R 1.0). Musical scores dating from the 17th through 19th centuries comprised mainly of operas, opera excerpts, and other vocal music. With the use of digital, online, and mobile ethnography platforms, the customer is empowered. She would often sell this property for cash to overcome hard economic times or needs of her children and husband. Despite anti-dowry laws in India, it is still a common illegal practice. A selection of the best-of-the-best artifacts from the shared collection held by 61 historical societies, libraries and museums, members of the Association of King County Historical Organizations. ", "What You Need to do Before You Buy a Blu-ray Player", "Blu-ray Disks (BD) - blue laser optical disk technology", "Are DVD and Blu-Ray Players Still Worth Buying? This page was last edited on 31 October 2022, at 06:56. "[5], Iconic calls and gestures mimic the forms of the things they stand for (such as outlining shapes or moving your hands back and forth multiple times to show repetition.) While the dowry is given during the marriage, in rural Egypt, it is ritually displayed to the village prior to the marriage. 108, YNAIKOKPATOYMENOI ( ), "A Silver Bowl from the New Excavations of the Early Sarmatian Burial-Ground Near the Village of Prokhorovka", "Chemical Analyses of Sarmatian Glass Beads from Pokrovka, Russia", "Remarks on the Presence of Iranian Peoples in Europe and Their Asiatic Relations", "137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes", "The Archaeological Cultures of the Sarmatians with a Preliminary Note on the Trial-Trenches at Gyoma 133: a Sarmatian Settlement in South-Eastern Hungary (Campaign 1985)", "Ancient genomes reveal origin and rapid trans-Eurasian migration of 7th century Avar elites", "Shifts in the Genetic Landscape of the Western Eurasian Steppe Associated with the Beginning and End of the Scythian Dominance", "Studies in the History and Language of the Sarmatians", "Ancient genomes suggest the eastern Pontic-Caspian steppe as the source of western Iron Age nomads", American Association for the Advancement of Science, ", ", "Remarks on the Scythian, Sarmatian and Meotian Beliefs", "Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe", Kurgans, Ritual Sites, and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age, Nomadic Art of the Eastern Eurasian Steppes, Category:Populated places in ancient Scythia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarmatians&oldid=1117546941, Archaeological cultures of Eastern Europe, Archaeological cultures of Southeastern Europe, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles containing Avestan-language text, Articles containing Sanskrit-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Early Sarmatian, 4th2nd centuries BC, also called the Prokhorovka culture, Middle Sarmatian, late 2nd century BC to late 2nd century AD, Late Sarmatian, late 2nd century AD to 4th century AD, This page was last edited on 22 October 2022, at 08:56. The more-advanced video formats (VC-1 and MPEG-4 AVC) typically achieve a video run time twice that of MPEG-2, with comparable quality. Photographs taken from the 1850s until 1940 depicting activities in Washington State, the Pacific Northwest, and Alaska and the Klondike. This joint family controlled this part of the dowry, which they used to help fund their own daughter/sister's dowries. She notes that Goody's is an evolutionary model in which these historical variables may not be the decisive factors today. Today, the dowry will often consist of jewelry, clothing, and money. In this context, the fraud will result in obtaining a benefit by: Altering in an unauthorized way. Though throughout the history of China, the practice of using a brideprice has largely been used instead of dowries, but has slowly diminished in modern times. The first being Horizontal-Iconicity and the second being vowel magnitude relationships. File System Specifications for BD-RE, R, ROM, August 2004", "White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Rewritable Format: Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-RE Version 3.0", "White paper, Blu-ray Disc Format, 2.B Audio Visual Application, Format Specifications, for BD-ROM Version 2.4, May 2010", "Application Definition, Blu-ray Disc Format, BD-J Baseline Application and Logical Model Definition for BD-ROM, March 2005", "Advanced Access Content System (AACS) Blu-ray Disc Recordable Book, Revision 0.951", "White paper Blu-ray Disc Format 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM", Glossary BD-MV (Blu-ray Movie) and BDAV container, BD-RE Audiovisual Application Format Specification for BD-RE 2.1, "White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Format: 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM Version 2.5", "White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Read-Only Format (Ultra HD Blu-ray): Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM Version 3.0", "White Paper: Blu-ray Disc Format: 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM", "HDMI Enhanced Black Levels, xvYCC and RGB", "1st HD DVD Players To Decode All Mandatory, Optional Audio Codecs", "Java Technology Goes to the Movies: Java Technology in Next-Generation Optical Disc Formats", "First Blu-ray record, Divertimenti, released", "Blu-ray Disc Assn. Historical Children's Literature Collection. The bride's family supplements the Naqd amount with an equal or greater amount of cash, and gives dowry (called shura, shawar or amerwas). A virtual community is a social network of individuals who connect through specific social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue mutual interests or goals.Some of the most pervasive virtual communities are online communities operating under social networking services.. Howard Rheingold discussed virtual communities in his book, The 1893-1906 of Puget Sound sailing vessels and ships' crews, the Alaska Gold Rush in Nome and vicinity in 1900, images of logging activities in Washington state, and San Francisco's Chinatown. ^ b MPEG-2 at 14401080 was previously not included in a draft version of the specification from March 2005. In some parts of Europe, especially Eastern Europe, land dowries were common. Now, they use a mixture of art and science to ensure their store locations are placed for success. It is designed to supersede the DVD format, and capable of storing several hours of high-definition video (HDTV 720p and 1080p).The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as [121], Dowry has existed in Persia for over 1000 years, and called jahzeh (sometimes spelled jahaz or jaheez, ). William Shakespeare made use of such an event in King Lear: one of Cordelia's suitors gives up his suit upon hearing that King Lear will give her no dowry. This dowry typically includes furniture, clothing, appliances, beds, household items, divans, jewelry, and other property. The names of these files are in the form "aaaaa.otf", where "aaaaa" is a 5-digit number corresponding to the Font. Starbucks is one of the largest and best-known companies in the world, with over 27,000 stores and $22 billion in revenue last year[i]. [72] In addition to dowries, daughters could also be granted an inheritance from their father, a share of the legtima. [181] This Java Version is called BD-J and is built on a profile of the Globally Executable MHP (GEM) standard; GEM is the worldwide version of the Multimedia Home Platform standard. In order to ease the transition to high definition formats, the adoption of this protection method was postponed until 2011. 1888-1893 of early Seattle, especially the waterfront and street scenes, Madrona and Leschi parks, Native American hop pickers, portraits of Seattle pioneers, and the Great Seattle Fire. index.bdmv file: stores information describing the contents of the BDMV directory. Sci. Dowry Wealth and Wifely Virtue in Mid-Qing Gentry Households. [14] These nomads conquered the Sauromatians, whose name eventually came to be applied to the whole of the new people formed out of these migrations, whose constituent tribes were the Aorsoi, Rhoxolanoi, Alanoi, and the Iazyges. This database chronicles by example the history of educational practice and reading, and the changing perceptions of gender, race and class and the role of religion in teaching. For example, if a study involves the number of people in a restaurant at a given time, unless the observer counts incorrectly, the data should be reasonably reliable. Starbucks has started testing digital menu boards in a handful of U.S. locations. [105] The pressure among some Pakistanis to provide a large dowry results in some brides' families going into debt, including debt servitude; some brides build up their dowry with their own earnings if they work outside the home. Traditional ethnography may use videos or images, but digital ethnography goes more in-depth. This page was last edited on 31 July 2021, at 22:08. Roger S. Bagnall et al. In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard, the Advanced Optical Disc. Since keys can be revoked in newer releases,[215] this is only a temporary attack, and new keys must continually be discovered in order to decrypt the latest discs. [citation needed], The BD-ROM specification defines four Blu-ray Disc player profiles, including an audio-only player profile (BD-Audio) that does not require video decoding or BD-J. They consist primarily of landscape and documentary views. Also included are images of his trip to the Klondike gold fields in 1897 documenting his journey over the Chilkoot Pass and subsequent mining activities in the vicinity of Dawson, Yukon Territory. Nigel Guy Wilson. Includes a look at the recommendations for and against building the dam, images of land clearing activities by the Public Works Administration, and the dam construction itself. Jessica Marie Johnsons award-winning and groundbreaking book Wicked Flesh is coming in paperback from Penn Press this fall! A dowry is a payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage. Photographs, documents, and video documenting the restoration of the UW Bothell/Cascadia CC Wetlands, from its early day before and during construction through its ecological development to the present times. Ongoing development was underway to create a 1TB Blu-ray Disc. An example is The above analysis by various scholars is based on interpreting verses of ancient Sanskrit scriptures from India, not eyewitness accounts. Though other companies have started to implement data analysis as well, removing Starbucks advantages from more general sources like Esri, it will be hard for any competitor to build up the amount of data Starbucks has from its 14 million loyalty program members. This archive gathers documents of and testimonials by incarcerated poeple about issues ranging from criminal justice and the urban condition to popular culture and the natural world. [39] The Sarmatians and Scythians had fought on the Pontic steppe to the north of the Black Sea. [148], In modern times, the Moroccan practice is to split the so-called Sadaq, which meets the Islamic requirement of Mahr, into two parts: naqd (cash) and kali (remainder Mahr). Amnesty International has stated:[157]. One of the most important publications for information about West Coast fisheries in the 20th century. ^ c These resolutions are stored anamorphically, i.e. Toshiba, the main company supporting HD DVD, conceded in February 2008,[8] and later released its own Blu-ray Disc player in late 2009. Colonial economics meant that families had a great stake in inheritances of land in particular. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country by area, spanning 881,913 square kilometres (340,509 square miles).It has a 1,046-kilometre (650-mile) coastline along 1895-1920, Boyd and Braas Photographs of Seattle and Washington State, 1888-1893, Brumfield (William Craft) Russian Architecture Digital Collection, Centralia Tragedy and the Industrial Workers of the World Collection, 1912-1932, Chandless (Robert Henry) Photographs of China, 1898-1908, Chernobyl, the Destroyed Russian Nuclear Reactor, Civil Works Administration Photographs of King County, 1933-1934, Cobb (John N.) Photographs of the Fishing Industry, ca. Stevan Harrell and Sara A. Dickey, "Dowry Systems in Complex Societies". Internal Blu-ray drives that are integrated into a computer (as opposed to physically separate and connected via a cable) typically have a SATA interface. The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (Dutch: Nederlands(ch)-Indi; Indonesian: Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.It was formed from the nationalised trading posts of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Dutch government in 1800.. During the 19th century, the Dutch Ethnography comes from anthropology, EdTech tools such as learning software and digital games generate extensive data that can gauge student learning. Many Egyptian girls take up jobs so as to save money necessary to meet the expected dowry demands.[143][144]. Charles Spencer-Churchill, 9th Duke of Marlborough, Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, https://web.archive.org/web/20160407213904/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/crossing_continents/3071963.stm%7Carchive-date=7, "Understanding and addressing violence against women", "Combating Acid Violence in Bangladesh, India, and Cambodia". [231] On December 17, 2009, the BDA officially announced 3D specs for Blu-ray Disc, allowing backward compatibility with current 2D Blu-ray players,[232] though compatibility is limited by the fact that the longer 3D discs are triple-layer, which normal (2D only) players cannot read. Current research on sign language phonology acknowledges that certain aspects are semantically motivated. "RE-EMERGENCE OF THE DOWRY AMONGST SERBS", "A/RES/48/104. [90] Japanese optical disc manufacturer Infinity announced the first "hybrid" Blu-ray Disc/(standard) DVD combo, to be released February 18, 2009. If she died childless, her dowry reverted to her family, that is her father if he was alive, otherwise her brothers. [citation needed]. The core technologies of the formats are similar. Property rights for women increased in ancient India, suggest MacDonell and Keith, over the Epics era (200 BC 700 AD). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association. When this pattern is added to the adjective GOOD the resulting meaning is VERY-GOOD. Often a woman who brought a large dowry was considered more virtuous in Chinese culture than one who didn't. Yiddish ra dam), lit. Page 1. Photographs from a ca. The auctions began with the woman the auctioneer considered to be the most beautiful and progressed to the least. [45] About 1200 years after Arrian's visit, another eyewitness scholar visited India named Ab Rayn al-Brn, also known as Al-Biruni, or Alberonius in Latin. Unearthing personal stories from the archive, Wicked Flesh shows how black women used intimacy and kinship to redefine freedom in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Original research, also called primary research, is research that is not exclusively based on a summary, review, or synthesis of earlier publications on the subject of research.This material is of a primary-source character. [80] The practice of dowry deaths and murders continues to take place unchecked in many parts of India and this has further added to the concerns of enforcement. Recent views of plants commonly found in Western Washington. Photographs of the political career and personal life of Henry M. Jackson. [35] The Timber grave (Srubnaya culture) and Andronovo house building traditions were further developed by these three peoples.
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